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Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

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The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
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RACE - Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends02:35

RACE - Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends

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Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends, or RACE, is one of the most effective methods to obtain a full-length cDNA from an mRNA sequence between a known internal region to the unknown sequence at the 5’ or 3’ end. The unknown region is cloned in the cDNA by a gene-specific primer that binds the known end, and a hybrid primer that attaches a predefined anchor sequence to the unknown end of the cDNA. The sequence in between is amplified by PCR with an anchor primer and a gene-specific...
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Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade01:22

Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade

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When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze...
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Mismatch Repair01:20

Mismatch Repair

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Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
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RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

9.2K
RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 24, 2026

Oncogenic Gene Fusion Detection Using Anchored Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Followed by Next Generation Sequencing
09:49

Oncogenic Gene Fusion Detection Using Anchored Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Followed by Next Generation Sequencing

Published on: July 5, 2019

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FAL1ing inside an amplicon.

Alejandro Athie1, Maite Huarte1

  • 1Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, 331008 Pamplona, Spain.

Cancer Cell
|September 10, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The long noncoding RNA FAL1 functions as an oncogene by stabilizing BMI1, leading to the repression of CDKN1A expression in cancer cells. This discovery highlights a novel mechanism in cancer genome amplification.

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Area of Science:

  • Cancer genomics
  • Molecular oncology
  • Noncoding RNA biology

Background:

  • Amplified genomic regions frequently harbor oncogenes.
  • The role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in cancer is an emerging area of research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize novel oncogenic long noncoding RNAs within frequently amplified cancer genome regions.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanism by which FAL1 contributes to oncogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatic analysis of cancer genome data to identify amplified lncRNAs.
  • Experimental validation of FAL1's function in cancer cell lines.
  • Investigation of FAL1's interaction with BMI1 and its effect on CDKN1A expression.

Main Results:

  • The long noncoding RNA FAL1 (focal amplified lncRNA 1) is encoded in a frequently amplified region of the cancer genome.
  • FAL1 was identified as an oncogene that promotes cancer development.
  • FAL1 stabilizes BMI1 protein levels, consequently repressing the expression of the tumor suppressor CDKN1A.

Conclusions:

  • FAL1 acts as an oncogene by modulating the BMI1/CDKN1A pathway.
  • Targeting FAL1 may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for cancers with specific genomic amplifications.