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Related Concept Videos

Vascular Spasm01:16

Vascular Spasm

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The vascular phase, also known as vasospasm, is the initial stage of hemostasis, crucial for preventing excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured. After a vessel is cut, nerves in the damaged area trigger pain and other sensory impulses. Simultaneously, the smooth muscles in the vessel wall contract, resulting in a vascular spasm. This contraction reduces the vessel's diameter at the injury site, slowing or stopping blood loss through the vessel wall. Vascular spasms typically last...
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Formation of the Platelet Plug01:22

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The platelet phase, the second stage of hemostasis, commences around 15-20 seconds after an injury. It follows and overlaps with the vascular phase, during which blood vessels constrict to minimize blood loss.
As the injured blood vessel contracts, endothelial cells undergo contraction, revealing collagen fibers in the basement membrane and underlying connective tissue. Furthermore, the plasma membrane of endothelial cells becomes adhesive, preparing the site for platelet adhesion. Platelets...
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Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

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Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
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Autoregulation of Blood Flow01:17

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Autoregulation mechanisms are characterized by their inherent capacity for self-regulation without necessitating specific nervous stimulation or endocrine control. These mechanisms facilitate the adjustment of blood flow and, therefore, perfusion specific to each tissue region. This self-regulation encompasses chemical signals and myogenic controls.
Chemical Signaling in Autoregulation
Chemical signaling operates at the precapillary sphincter level, inciting either contraction or relaxation....
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Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology01:25

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

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Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...
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Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction01:26

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

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A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 24, 2026

A Volumetric Method for Quantification of Cerebral Vasospasm in a Murine Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
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A Volumetric Method for Quantification of Cerebral Vasospasm in a Murine Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

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Vasospasm: A friend or foe - initial experience.

Kk Mukherjee1, Vk Jain2, Dk Chhabra2

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh.

Annals of Neurosciences
|September 11, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Vasospasm presence in poor-grade aneurysm patients (Hunt and Hess IV-V) may indicate a reversible cause of neurological deficit. This finding suggests vasospasm is a key prognostic indicator for surgical timing.

Keywords:
AneurysmPoor gradeVasospasm

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Analysis of Cerebral Vasospasm in a Murine Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage with High Frequency Transcranial Duplex Ultrasound
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Analysis of Cerebral Vasospasm in a Murine Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage with High Frequency Transcranial Duplex Ultrasound

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Double Direct Injection of Blood into the Cisterna Magna as a Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 24, 2026

A Volumetric Method for Quantification of Cerebral Vasospasm in a Murine Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
08:12

A Volumetric Method for Quantification of Cerebral Vasospasm in a Murine Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Published on: July 28, 2018

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Analysis of Cerebral Vasospasm in a Murine Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage with High Frequency Transcranial Duplex Ultrasound
10:41

Analysis of Cerebral Vasospasm in a Murine Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage with High Frequency Transcranial Duplex Ultrasound

Published on: June 3, 2021

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Double Direct Injection of Blood into the Cisterna Magna as a Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
10:34

Double Direct Injection of Blood into the Cisterna Magna as a Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Published on: August 30, 2020

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Neurology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Optimal surgical timing for intracranial aneurysms remains debated, especially for older or neurologically impaired patients (Hunt and Hess grades IV-V).
  • Indian centers often hesitate to operate on high-grade patients due to concerns about outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of vasospasm on mortality and surgical timing in patients with Hunt and Hess grades IV and V intracranial aneurysms.
  • To determine if vasospasm influences the prognosis and management decisions for severe aneurysm cases.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective evaluation of 171 consecutive aneurysm patients over 9 years.
  • Analysis included age, neurological grade, presentation time, and presence of vasospasm.
  • Examined the influence of vasospasm across different neurological grades.

Main Results:

  • Concomitant vasospasm in grades III, IV, and V patients suggests a potentially reversible cause for poor neurological status.
  • Absence of vasospasm in these patients may indicate a more severe, irreversible primary brain injury.

Conclusions:

  • Vasospasm presence in poor-grade aneurysm patients serves as a significant prognostic indicator.
  • This finding may guide surgical decision-making and timing in critical aneurysm cases.