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Related Concept Videos

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

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Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component...
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Seizures ll: Types01:19

Seizures ll: Types

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Seizures are sudden bursts of abnormal electrical discharge in the brain that interfere with normal function. They are commonly divided into three groups: focal seizures, generalized seizures, and other types that do not fit neatly into either category.Focal SeizuresFocal seizures begin in a single brain region. When awareness is preserved, they are called focal aware seizures and may cause sensations such as tingling, unusual smells, or flashing lights. When awareness is impaired, they are...
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Veins of Head and Neck01:19

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The blood drainage from the head and neck is primarily managed by three pairs of veins: the external jugular, internal jugular, and vertebral veins. The external jugular veins drain superficial scalp and face structures, passing over the sternocleidomastoid muscles to empty into the subclavian veins.
On the other hand, the vertebral veins, unlike their arterial counterparts, are not primarily responsible for brain drainage. Instead, they drain the cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, and some small...
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Seizures l: Introduction01:20

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Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...
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Unusual Results01:16

Unusual Results

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Unusual results are those that have a very low chance of occurring. Unusual results can be identified using probabilities and the range rule of thumb. In problems involving probability, unusual results can be observed in 2 instances – an unusually high number of successes or an unusually low number of successes.
According to the range rule of thumb, any value above or below two standard deviations, 2σ  from the mean, μ  is considered unusual.
Maximum unusual value =...
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Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology01:29

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Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 24, 2026

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
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3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

Published on: June 2, 2014

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Unusual headaches.

P K Maheshwari1, Anjana Pandey1

  • 1Department of Medicine, S.N. Medical College & hospital, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, INDIA.

Annals of Neurosciences
|September 11, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Unusual headaches triggered by cough or exertion are challenging to diagnose but often benign. Further research is crucial for understanding these headaches and improving patient outcomes.

Keywords:
Headachediagnostic challengeunusual

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Emergency Medicine

Background:

  • Headaches associated with specific triggers like cough, exertion, or sexual activity present diagnostic challenges.
  • While most cases have a good prognosis and no intracranial pathology, their unusual presentation requires careful evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review eleven uncommon headache syndromes.
  • To highlight the diagnostic difficulties and potential morbidity/mortality associated with these headaches.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on eleven distinct unusual headache syndromes.
  • Analysis of diagnostic challenges and prognostic factors.

Main Results:

  • The majority of patients with these unusual headaches do not have serious underlying conditions.
  • Despite a generally good prognosis, some syndromes carry significant risks.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the pathophysiology of these headaches is limited, restricting treatment options.
  • Further research is essential to clarify mechanisms, optimize diagnostic strategies, and assess cost-effectiveness.