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Related Concept Videos

Standing Waves in a Cavity01:28

Standing Waves in a Cavity

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A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 24, 2026

Fabrication of Zero Mode Waveguides for High Concentration Single Molecule Microscopy
08:01

Fabrication of Zero Mode Waveguides for High Concentration Single Molecule Microscopy

Published on: May 12, 2020

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Reversible positioning of single molecules inside zero-mode waveguides.

Joseph Larkin1, Mathieu Foquet, Stephen W Turner

  • 1Department of Physics and ‡Department of Chemistry/Chemical Biology, Northeastern University , 110 Forsyth Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.

Nano Letters
|September 12, 2014
PubMed
Summary

We created a novel device for single-molecule analysis. It efficiently loads biomolecules like DNA for faster sequencing and fluorescence studies.

Keywords:
DNA sequencingSMRT-sequencingnanophotonicssingle moleculezeptoliter

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Nanotechnology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Single-molecule analysis requires efficient methods for molecule delivery.
  • Existing diffusion-based methods are often slow and inefficient.
  • Nanopore and zero-mode waveguide technologies offer potential for high-resolution studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a hybrid device combining nanopore and zero-mode waveguide features.
  • To enable rapid and reversible loading of individual biomolecules for analysis.
  • To improve the efficiency of molecular loading for DNA sequencing and fluorescence applications.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a freestanding solid-state membrane with sub-5 nm nanopores.
  • Integration of nanopores with 70 nm diameter zero-mode waveguides.
  • Utilizing voltage control for rapid and reversible biomolecule loading.
  • Demonstration of protein and DNA loading.

Main Results:

  • Achieved orders of magnitude higher molecular loading efficiency compared to diffusion-based methods.
  • Demonstrated successful loading of individual proteins and DNA molecules.
  • The hybrid device enables efficient interrogation of single biomolecules.
  • Voltage control facilitates rapid and reversible molecular delivery.

Conclusions:

  • The developed hybrid nanopore/zero-mode waveguide device significantly enhances molecular loading efficiency.
  • This technology is promising for advancing single-molecule fluorescence and DNA sequencing.
  • The device offers a novel platform for high-throughput biomolecular analysis.