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Neuropsychological function in physically asymptomatic, HIV-seropositive men.

S Perry1, D Belsky-Barr, W B Barr

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, New York Hospital-Cornell University Medical College, New York.

The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences
|January 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

HIV infection may cause subtle brain changes in asymptomatic individuals. Early detection of neuropsychological impairment in HIV-positive men suggests potential cognitive deficits before clinical symptoms appear.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is a global health concern.
  • Neuropsychological impairment can be a complication of HIV, but its early manifestations are not fully understood.
  • Asymptomatic individuals may harbor subclinical neurological deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate early neuropsychological impairment in asymptomatic, HIV-seropositive homosexual men.
  • To compare cognitive function between HIV-positive and HIV-negative homosexual men.
  • To identify potential biomarkers for early neurocognitive decline in HIV.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 20 asymptomatic, HIV-seropositive homosexual men was compared to 20 HIV-seronegative homosexual men.

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  • Neuropsychological testing was administered to all participants.
  • Statistical analyses, including paired t-tests and binomial probability, were used to assess group differences.
  • T4/T8 ratios were analyzed in relation to cognitive scores.

    • Main Results:

    • HIV-seropositive men scored significantly lower on 2 of 20 neuropsychological measures.
    • A significantly greater proportion of HIV-seropositive men (10/20) exhibited scores two standard deviations below the sample mean compared to controls (3/20).
    • The HIV-infected group showed lower mean scores on 17 of 20 variables (p < .005).
    • Patients with lower cognitive scores had significantly lower mean T4/T8 ratios (p = .02).

    Conclusions:

    • A subpopulation of HIV-infected adults may experience subtle neuropsychological impairment.
    • These deficits can occur before the development of clinical cognitive deficits or significant immunosuppression.
    • Early neuropsychological assessment may be valuable in managing HIV-infected individuals.