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The BLICK mnemonic for clinical-anatomical assessment of patients with epiphora
David T Tse1, Benjamin P Erickson, Brian C Tse
1Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, U.S.A.
Purpose:
Evaluation of the tearing patient is often distilled to a search for ocular surface problems causing reflex hypersecretion versus lacrimal drainage problems. The literature does not typically emphasize conditions affecting the function of the tear distribution system, but neglect of these important factors can lead to suboptimal treatment outcomes. The intent of this review is to provide a systemic evaluation of frequently overlooked conditions that can influence the distribution system and to offer a mnemonic to ensure an orderly sequence of inspection during clinical examination.
Methods:
Review of clinical literature and experience from 1957 to 2014.
Results:
Tearing complaints attributable to problems with the distribution system can be evaluated, classified, and managed according to the mnemonic BLICK, which stands for Blink dynamics, Lid malposition, Imbrication, Conjunctivochalasis, and Kissing puncta.
Conclusion:
The BLICK mnemonic is a useful adjunct to the workup of epiphora.
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