Vesicoureteral reflux: current management in children

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Urology
• Nephrology
• Medical History

Background:

• Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) has been a recognized condition since the late 19th century.
• Understanding of VUR has evolved from focusing solely on the vesicoureteral junction to encompassing bladder and bowel dynamics.
• Despite evolving knowledge, the core objective remains kidney and renal function preservation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in children.
• To discuss the historical evolution of VUR research and clinical management.
• To detail current management strategies for pediatric VUR.

Main Methods:

• Review of historical and current literature on vesicoureteral reflux (VUR).
• Analysis of the progression of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
• Synthesis of information on surgical, endoscopic, medical, and conservative management options.

Main Results:

• Management strategies for VUR have diversified significantly over time.
• Contemporary approaches integrate a holistic view of the urinary system and associated functions.
• A range of treatments are available, from watchful waiting to various surgical interventions.

Conclusions:

• Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) management has transformed, emphasizing kidney protection.
• Current pediatric VUR care considers complex factors beyond the ureterovesical junction.
• This article aims to cover all facets of this complex pediatric condition and its management.