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Related Concept Videos

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology01:14

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology

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Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...
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Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...
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Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction01:28

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DefinitionTraumatic brain injury, or TBI, is a disturbance of normal brain function induced by an external mechanical force, such as a direct blow to the head or a penetrating injury. It can affect both brain structure and function, producing a wide range of clinical outcomes. TBI is a heterogeneous condition, meaning its effects may differ based on the type, location, and severity of the injury.Basis of ClassificationTBI is classified based on severity, injury mechanism, or pathophysiology. In...
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Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
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The spinal cord is the body’s major nerve tract of the central nervous system, communicating afferent sensory information from the periphery to the brain and efferent motor information from the brain to the body. The human spinal cord extends from the hole at the base of the skull, or foramen magnum, to the level of the first or second lumbar vertebra.
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The spinal cord, a critical component of the central nervous system, extends from the base of the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. It is essential for maintaining physical stability and facilitating communication between the brain and peripheral parts of the body.
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Establishing a Mouse Contusion Spinal Cord Injury Model Based on a Minimally Invasive Technique
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Spinal trauma.

Jim Ellis1, Ron Courson, Brian Daniels

  • 1Steadman Hawkins Clinic of the Carolinas, Greenville Health System, Greenville, SC, USA, JEllis@ghs.org.

Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine
|September 18, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spinal immobilization for athletes with suspected spinal cord injury (SCI) lacks strong evidence. Current practices may evolve as Emergency Medical Services standards change, potentially altering on-field management.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Emergency Medical Services
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Spinal immobilization using rigid cervical collars and long spine boards has been standard practice for trauma victims with suspected cervical spine injuries since the 1960s.
  • The underlying premise is to prevent further neurologic injury during movement.
  • The necessity of this rigid approach in athletic medicine for suspected spinal cord injury (SCI) lacks robust evidence-based research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically assess the evidence supporting spinal immobilization in athletes with suspected spinal cord injuries.
  • To examine the evolution of on-field management protocols for athletes with potential SCI.
  • To explore how changes in Emergency Medical Services standards may influence athletic medicine protocols.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on spinal immobilization and SCI management in athletes.
  • Analysis of current standard of care protocols in athletic medicine.
  • Examination of trends and potential shifts in Emergency Medical Services standards.

Main Results:

  • Finding evidence-based research to definitively verify the necessity of rigid collars and long spine boards for suspected SCI in athletes is challenging.
  • On-field management protocols for athletes with suspected SCI have evolved over time.
  • Changes in broader Emergency Medical Services standards may impact athletic medicine's approach.

Conclusions:

  • The evidence supporting the traditional rigid spinal immobilization approach for athletes with suspected SCI is not well-established.
  • Future changes in Emergency Medical Services standards may lead to significant modifications in how athletes with suspected spinal cord injuries are managed on the field.
  • A re-evaluation of current practices in athletic medicine is warranted.