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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

2.3K
Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Type I Diabetes I: Introduction01:12

Type I Diabetes I: Introduction

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Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin resulting from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although it can occur at any age, it is most commonly diagnosed in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood. The loss of insulin production impairs cellular glucose uptake, resulting in persistent hyperglycemia and necessitating lifelong insulin therapy.Autoimmune Destruction of β-CellsThe hallmark of type 1...
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Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

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Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

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Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
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What is the Immune System?01:38

What is the Immune System?

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Overview
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Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
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Development of Stem Cell-derived Antigen-specific Regulatory T Cells Against Autoimmunity
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Immunologic derangement preceding clinical autoimmunity.

A Dellavance1, L E Coelho Andrade2

  • 1Research and Development Division, Fleury Medicine and Health Laboratories, São Paulo, Brazil luis.andrade@unifesp.br.

Lupus
|September 18, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autoantibodies signal autoimmune diseases years before symptoms appear. Early detection and intervention during pre-clinical stages may prevent disease progression and potentially cure the disorder.

Keywords:
Autoimmunityautoantibodiesautoimmune diseasesimmunological tolerancemechanisms of disease

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Autoimmunity
  • Disease Pathogenesis

Background:

  • Autoantibodies are key indicators for identifying autoimmune diseases.
  • Research shows autoantibodies can precede clinical disease onset by years or decades.
  • Autoimmune diseases develop progressively through distinct stages before clinical manifestation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the dynamic and progressive nature of pre-clinical autoimmune diseases.
  • To investigate the potential for early therapeutic intervention in autoimmunity.
  • To understand how intensifying autoimmune responses during pre-clinical stages can be targeted.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing research on the natural history of autoimmune diseases.
  • Analysis of the progression of humoral autoimmune responses, including autoantibody characteristics.
  • Comparison of autoimmune disease development to cancer progression models.

Main Results:

  • Pre-clinical autoimmune diseases involve progressive immunologic derangements.
  • Humoral autoimmune responses intensify over time, increasing autoantibody titer, avidity, and targeting.
  • The progressive nature of autoimmunity resembles cancer development, suggesting a window for intervention.

Conclusions:

  • Early detection and intervention in pre-clinical autoimmune stages may be effective.
  • Targeting early autoimmune abnormalities could prevent overt disease.
  • Advancements in immunotherapy offer potential for preventing or curing autoimmune disorders through early intervention.