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Tonsillitis I: Introduction01:30

Tonsillitis I: Introduction

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Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, which are two lymphoid tissue masses at the back of the throat. This condition can cause discomfort and irritation in the throat.
Etiology
Three primary contributing factors have been identified.
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Acute Pharyngitis01:30

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This lesson will focus on the different treatment options for managing tonsillitis, which typically depend on the cause and severity.
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Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

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Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses
14:05

Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses

Published on: January 23, 2017

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Acute otitis media in children.

Roderick P Venekamp1, Roger A M J Damoiseaux, Anne G M Schilder

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

BMJ Clinical Evidence
|September 18, 2014
PubMed
Summary

This systematic review examines treatments for acute otitis media (AOM) in children. Evidence supports analgesics and judicious antibiotic use for AOM, with myringotomy as an option.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Otolaryngology
  • Evidence-Based Medicine

Background:

  • Acute otitis media (AOM) is a frequent pediatric primary care diagnosis.
  • Optimal AOM treatment remains a subject of clinical discussion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the efficacy and safety of various treatments for AOM in children.
  • To address clinical questions regarding analgesics, antibiotics, and myringotomy for AOM.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review including Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library searches up to October 2013.
  • Inclusion of 17 studies meeting predefined criteria.
  • GRADE evaluation of evidence quality for interventions and inclusion of safety alerts.

Main Results:

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses
14:05

Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses

Published on: January 23, 2017

30.3K
  • The review synthesizes data on the effectiveness of analgesics, immediate vs. delayed antibiotic prescriptions, and different antibiotic course lengths.
  • Information on the role of myringotomy in AOM management is presented.
  • The quality of evidence for each intervention was assessed using the GRADE framework.

Conclusions:

  • The systematic review provides comprehensive information on the effectiveness and safety of key AOM interventions.
  • Findings guide clinical decision-making for pediatric acute otitis media management.
  • Highlights the importance of considering evidence quality in treatment selection.