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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

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The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
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Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

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Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used....
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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

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An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
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Kepler's First Law of Planetary Motion01:10

Kepler's First Law of Planetary Motion

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In the early 17th century, German astronomer and mathematician Johannes Kepler postulated three laws for the motion of planets in the solar system. He formulated his first two laws based on the observations of his forebears, Nikolaus Copernicus and Tycho Brahe.
Polish astronomer Nikolaus Copernicus put forth a theory that stated a heliocentric model for the solar system. According to this heliocentric theory, all the planets, including Earth, orbit the Sun in circular orbits.
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Kepler's Second Law of Planetary Motion01:29

Kepler's Second Law of Planetary Motion

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In the early 17th century, German astronomer and mathematician Johannes Kepler postulated three laws for the motion of planets in the solar system. His first law states that all planets orbit the Sun in an elliptical orbit, with the Sun at one of the ellipse's foci. Therefore, the distance of a planet from the Sun varies throughout its revolution around the Sun.
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IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

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There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
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Surface Mapping of Earth-like Exoplanets using Single Point Light Curves
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Instrumentation for the detection and characterization of exoplanets.

Francesco Pepe1, David Ehrenreich1, Michael R Meyer2

  • 1Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève, 51 Chemin des Maillettes, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland.

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|September 19, 2014
PubMed
Summary

New instruments revolutionized exoplanet studies, shifting focus from detection to characterization. Future facilities promise deeper insights into exoplanet traits and planet formation theories.

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Area of Science:

  • Astrophysics
  • Exoplanetary Science

Background:

  • Exoplanet knowledge pre-1995 relied heavily on theory.
  • High-precision instruments have driven significant exoplanet discoveries since 1995.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the impact of instrumentation on exoplanet research.
  • To outline the evolution of exoplanet studies from detection to characterization.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing high-precision instruments for exoplanet detection.
  • Employing new techniques for exoplanet characterization.

Main Results:

  • Substantial advancements in exoplanet studies driven by instrumentation.
  • Shift in research focus from exoplanet detection to characterization over the past decade.

Conclusions:

  • Next-generation facilities will yield comprehensive exoplanet data.
  • Comparison with theoretical models will enhance understanding of planet formation.