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Interleukin-1 and its receptor.

C A Dinarello1, N Savage

  • 1Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.

Critical Reviews in Immunology
|January 1, 1989
PubMed
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Interleukin-1 (IL-1) triggers diverse biological responses, including fever and inflammation, by interacting with cell receptors. The exact mechanisms of IL-1 cell activation remain largely unexplored, despite its broad impact.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a key polypeptide mediator involved in infection, injury, and immune responses.
  • Two forms, IL-1-beta and IL-1-alpha, induce systemic effects like fever and inflammation, and activate lymphocytes in vitro.
  • IL-1 influences various cellular processes, including cytokine production, inflammation, and bone resorption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the characteristics and function of Interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptors.
  • To explore the discrepancy between IL-1 receptor binding affinity/number and observed biological responses.
  • To elucidate the unexplored mechanisms of IL-1-mediated cell activation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on IL-1 receptor characterization and binding studies.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of data regarding IL-1's effects on lymphocytes, fibroblasts, and other cell types.
  • Discussion of proposed mechanisms for IL-1 cell activation, including receptor cross-linking.

    • Main Results:

    • IL-1 receptors are found on lymphocytes and fibroblasts, but typically in low numbers with low-affinity binding.
    • Evidence suggests a second class of high-affinity IL-1 receptors may exist.
    • IL-1 receptor molecular weights vary (80, 70, 60 kDa) depending on the cell source.

    Conclusions:

    • A significant discrepancy exists between IL-1 receptor properties and biological responses, suggesting complex regulatory mechanisms.
    • Receptor cross-linking might be crucial for IL-1 action, particularly on T cells.
    • The precise molecular mechanisms underlying IL-1-induced cell activation require further investigation.