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Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Role of Unfolded Protein Response in HIV-1 Replication and Infectivity
Published on: June 14, 2024
Emerging functions of the unfolded protein response in immunity
Sophie Janssens1, Bali Pulendran2, Bart N Lambrecht3
11] Unit Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB Inflammation Research Centre, Ghent, Belgium. [2] Ghent Researchers on Unfolded Proteins in Inflammation and Disease Consortium, Ghent University and University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium. [3] Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Abstract:
The unfolded protein response (UPR) has traditionally been viewed as an adaptive response triggered by the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and aimed at restoring ER function. The UPR can also be an anticipatory response that is activated well before the disruption of protein homeostasis. UPR signaling intersects at many levels with the innate and adaptive immune responses. In some types of cells of the immune system, such as dendritic cells (DCs) and B cells, particular sensors that detect the UPR seem to be constitutively active in the absence of induction of the traditional UPR gene program and are necessary for antigen presentation and immunoglobulin synthesis. The UPR also influences signaling via Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and activation of the transcription factor NF-κB, and some pathogens subvert the UPR. This Review summarizes these emerging noncanonical functions of the UPR in immunity.
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