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Luke D Smillie1, Colin G DeYoung2, Phillip J Hall3

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This study clarifies the link between extraversion and positive affect. Extraversion is strongly linked to positive activation, a key component of positive affect, rather than just positive valence.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Personality Psychology
  • Affective Science

Background:

  • Ambiguity exists regarding the relationship between extraversion and positive affect.
  • Major models define positive affect differently, leading to conceptual confusion.
  • The distinct associations of extraversion facets (assertiveness, enthusiasm) with positive affect remain under-examined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify the relationship between extraversion and positive affect.
  • To investigate how different conceptualizations of positive affect (factor vs. circumplex models) relate to extraversion.
  • To examine the unique associations of assertiveness and enthusiasm with positive affect.

Main Methods:

  • Two studies were conducted with Australian and American participants (N=437 and N=262, respectively).
  • Participants completed multiple measures assessing extraversion and positive affect.
  • Correlational analyses were used to examine the relationships between personality and affect measures.

Main Results:

  • Extraversion showed a clear association with positive affect conceptualized as positive activation (Watson & Tellegen, 1985).
  • This association held true for both the overall extraversion trait and its lower-order aspects: assertiveness and enthusiasm.
  • The link between extraversion and positive affect was less pronounced when positive affect was defined by valence alone (Russell, 1980).

Conclusions:

  • The positive affective component of extraversion is best understood as encompassing both positive valence and high activation.
  • Findings differentiate the role of positive activation versus valence in the extraversion-positive affect link.
  • This research provides a clearer conceptualization of extraversion's affective correlates.