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This study reveals the Big Five Openness/Intellect trait splits into two distinct lower-order structures: Intellect and Openness. This provides a more nuanced understanding of personality facets.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Personality Science
  • Psychometrics

Background:

  • Research on the Big Five personality traits often prioritizes higher-order domains over lower-order facets.
  • The lower-order structure of the Big Five, particularly Openness/Intellect, remains less understood.
  • Openness/Intellect is a complex trait encompassing intellectual curiosity, experiential seeking, and social progressiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the lower-order structure of Openness/Intellect using Goldberg's "bass-ackward" hierarchical factor analysis.
  • To apply Forbes' extension to Goldberg's method for a more detailed analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Factor analysis of Openness/Intellect scales across three independent samples (N=383, N=712, N=372).
  • Utilized both traditional and extended "bass-ackward" hierarchical factor analysis approaches.
  • Examined the factor structure at a lower-order facet level.

Main Results:

  • Consistent split of Openness/Intellect into two distinct components: Intellect and Openness.
  • The Intellect component demonstrated a narrow structure with few lower-order facets.
  • The Openness component exhibited a more diffuse structure with a broader range of lower-order facets.

Conclusions:

  • Findings support a two-factor lower-order structure for Openness/Intellect, aligning with previous aspect-level distinctions.
  • Provides a more nuanced hierarchical understanding of the Openness/Intellect trait.
  • Contributes to the ongoing refinement of personality structure models.