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Related Concept Videos

Type I Diabetes I: Introduction01:12

Type I Diabetes I: Introduction

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Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin resulting from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although it can occur at any age, it is most commonly diagnosed in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood. The loss of insulin production impairs cellular glucose uptake, resulting in persistent hyperglycemia and necessitating lifelong insulin therapy.Autoimmune Destruction of β-CellsThe hallmark of type 1...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction01:26

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Diabetes mellitus consists of chronic metabolic disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. This elevated blood glucose results from defects in insulin secretion, impaired insulin action, or both. Insulin, produced by pancreatic β-cells, is essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis by facilitating cellular glucose uptake for energy or storage. Disruptions in insulin production or function lead to glucose accumulation in the bloodstream, causing the clinical features and...
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Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
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Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:24

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

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PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
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Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

42
Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular...
42

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Modeling and Evaluation of Murine Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Model
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Validation of the IMS CORE Diabetes Model.

Phil McEwan1, Volker Foos2, James L Palmer2

  • 1Centre for Health Economics, Swansea University, Wales, UK; Health Economics and Outcomes Research Ltd., Monmouth, UK.

Value in Health : the Journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research
|September 20, 2014
PubMed
Summary

The CORE Diabetes Model (CDM) accurately predicts clinical events in diabetes patients. This validated simulation tool is crucial for healthcare decision-makers evaluating policies for the growing global diabetes population.

Keywords:
cost-effectivenessmodelsimulationvalidation

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Area of Science:

  • Health Economics and Outcomes Research
  • Diabetes Mellitus Modeling
  • Clinical Epidemiology

Background:

  • The CORE Diabetes Model (CDM) is a validated simulation tool for type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM/T2DM).
  • Model credibility relies on validation against external studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To validate the CDM against contemporary outcomes studies, focusing on long-term follow-up.
  • To ensure the model's accuracy in predicting clinical outcomes for diabetes patients.

Main Methods:

  • 112 validation simulations were conducted, stratified by follow-up duration.
  • Cohorts from DCCT (T1DM) and UKPDS (T2DM) were simulated.
  • Predicted vs. observed macro/microvascular complications and mortality were assessed using R².

Main Results:

  • Overall R² was 0.90 across all validation studies.
  • For <15-year follow-up: R²=0.90 (T1DM), R²=0.88 (T2DM).
  • For long-term follow-up: R²=0.72 (DCCT, 30-yr T1DM), R²=0.92 (UKPDS, 20-yr T2DM).

Conclusions:

  • The CDM is a credible tool for predicting clinical events in DCCT/UKPDS-like populations.
  • The model is essential for healthcare decision-makers managing the increasing global diabetes burden.
  • Robust evaluation of healthcare policies is supported by the CDM.