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Serum inflammatory cytokines and depression in coronary artery disease
Mohammad Tajfard1, Latiffah A Latiff2, Hamid Reza Rahimi3
1Department of Community Health, University Putra Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ; Department of Health and Management, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran ; Health Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran.
Insights
Depression and coronary artery disease (CAD) share inflammatory links. This study found specific cytokine differences in patients with both conditions, suggesting inflammation mediates their connection.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Cardiology
- Psychiatry
Background:
- Depression is linked to immune system dysfunction and increased coronary artery disease (CAD) risk.
- Investigating the interplay between depression and cardiovascular health is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine serum cytokine levels in relation to depression among patients with cardiovascular disease and healthy individuals.
- To explore potential inflammatory mechanisms underlying the association between depression and CAD.
Main Methods:
- Serum levels of 10 cytokines were measured in 462 participants (120 healthy, 342 with CAD) using the Evidence Investigator platform.
- Depression was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).
- Statistical analyses compared cytokine levels across groups with and without depression and CAD.
Main Results:
- Significant differences in serum levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and MCP-1 were observed between CAD patients and healthy subjects.
- Individuals with depression showed distinct serum levels of IL-8 and IL-6 compared to those without depression.
- In CAD patients, depression was associated with altered serum levels of IL-8 and TNF-α.
Conclusions:
- Inflammatory mechanisms likely mediate the relationship between depression and CAD.
- Cytokine profiles may serve as biomarkers for the co-occurrence of depression and cardiovascular disease.
Background:
Severe depression may be accompanied by immune dysregulation and is also associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD).
Objectives:
We investigated serum levels of 10 cytokines and their relationship with depression in patients with cardiovascular diseases as well as healthy subjects in northeast of Iran.
Patients And Methods:
The study was carried out on 462 subjects (120 healthy subjects and 342 candidates undergoing angiography). The healthy subjects were referred for routine annual checkups or pre-employment examinations; they did not have clinically evident CAD. A questionnaire was used to obtain demographic data and the Beck depression inventory (BDI) was applied to assess depression. The Evidence Investigator(®) platform was used for cytokines assays for IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, MCP-1 and IFN-γ, using sandwich chemiluminescent method. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 11.5.
Results:
The mean age was 53.3 ± 11.5, 54.8 ± 11.3, and 59.5 ± 11.3 in healthy, angiography (-), and angiography (+) subjects, respectively (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in serum levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and MCP-1 cytokines, comparing subjects with CAD and healthy persons (P < 0.05). When all subjects were divided to with and without depression regardless of their cardiovascular status, there was a significant difference in serum levels of IL-8 and IL-6 between the groups (P < 0.05). When the subgroup with features of CAD was selected and divided to those with and without depression, there was also a significant difference in serum levels of IL-8 and TNF-α (P < 0.05).
Conclusions:
The positive interaction between depression and CAD was probably mediated by inflammatory mechanisms.
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