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Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Fully Endoscopic Mitral Valve Repair with Percutaneous Cannulation of Groin Vessels
Published on: May 26, 2023
Louis A Brunsting1, Averel B Snyder, Eric A Espinal
1From the *Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA; †St. Joseph's Hospital, Atlanta, GA USA; ‡Akron City Hospital, Akron, OH USA; and §The International Centre for Robotic Surgery, New Delhi, India.
Robotically assisted transmyocardial revascularization (TMR) using an endoscopic laser delivery system (LDS) is feasible. This minimally invasive approach demonstrated high success rates and significant angina relief with minimal early adverse events.
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