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Environment-dependent microevolution in a Mediterranean pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton).

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Maritime pine shows microevolutionary changes in adaptive traits, but predicting future evolutionary responses is complex due to varying selection across life stages and environments. This highlights challenges in understanding plant adaptation to changing conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Plant Science

Background:

  • Assessing short-term genetic change potential is crucial for understanding plant evolutionary responses to environmental shifts.
  • Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) is a widespread Mediterranean tree species.
  • This study investigates genetic change in quantitative traits across generations in maritime pine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test if higher wild recruitment from successful mothers is due to offspring performance.
  • To evaluate genetic change in quantitative traits at mature tree and seedling stages.
  • To understand the influence of experimental conditions on genetic change and selection.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental testing under growth chamber and semi-natural conditions.
  • Assessment of genetic control (heritability) for various traits.
  • Analysis of phenotypic selection gradients and responses to selection.

Main Results:

  • High genetic control for most traits in growth chambers; lower but significant control for key traits under stress.
  • Phenotypic selection favored seed quality traits in mature trees.
  • Offspring performance correlated with maternal reproductive success for specific leaf area (SLA) and stem mass fraction (SMF).

Conclusions:

  • Microevolutionary change is evident in maritime pine, but directional shifts are unpredictable.
  • Maternal reproductive success is linked to seed quality and seedling adaptation.
  • Environment-specific selection and distinct life-stage processes necessitate caution in predicting evolutionary trajectories.