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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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Regulation of Metabolism01:19

Regulation of Metabolism

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Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Phenotypic and Functional Analysis of Activated Regulatory T Cells Isolated from Chronic Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus-infected Mice
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Phenotypic and Functional Analysis of Activated Regulatory T Cells Isolated from Chronic Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus-infected Mice

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Metabolic control of regulatory T cell development and function.

Hu Zeng1, Hongbo Chi1

  • 1Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.

Trends in Immunology
|September 25, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are influenced by host and microbial metabolism. Tregs also regulate host metabolism, obesity-associated inflammation, and gut microbiota homeostasis, highlighting a critical interplay.

Keywords:
SCFAcommensal microbiotamTORmetabolismobesityvitamin

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Metabolism
  • Microbiome

Background:

  • Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) are crucial for immune tolerance, impacting diseases and cancers.
  • Emerging research highlights a complex relationship between Treg biology and host/microbial metabolic processes.
  • Metabolites from host and microbes, like vitamins and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), affect Treg development and function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the intricate interplay between regulatory T cells (Tregs) and metabolism.
  • To explore how host, commensal, and cellular metabolism influence Treg homeostasis and function.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on Treg biology and metabolism.
  • Analysis of the bidirectional relationship between Tregs and metabolic processes.
  • Focus on nutrient-derived signals and intrinsic cellular metabolic pathways.

Main Results:

  • Metabolites (vitamins, SCFAs) and metabolic sensors (e.g., mTOR) significantly regulate Treg generation, trafficking, and suppressive activity.
  • Tregs play a vital role in managing obesity-associated inflammation and maintaining metabolic balance.
  • Tregs are key in shaping the composition and homeostasis of the gut microbiota.

Conclusions:

  • The relationship between Tregs and metabolism is bidirectional and essential for immune homeostasis.
  • Understanding this interplay is critical for addressing immunological diseases, cancers, and metabolic disorders.
  • Targeting metabolic pathways could offer novel therapeutic strategies for immune-related conditions.