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Cellular memory in eukaryotic chemotaxis.

Monica Skoge1, Haicen Yue2, Michael Erickstad2

  • 1Departments of Biology and Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; and.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|September 25, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Social amoebas use cellular memory to navigate dynamic chemical signals. This study reveals how Dictyostelium cells maintain directional movement towards chemoattractant waves, even when gradients reverse.

Keywords:
cell motilitycell signalingdirectional sensingpolarity

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular biology
  • Biophysics
  • Developmental biology

Background:

  • Cells navigate using chemical signals (chemotaxis).
  • Social amoeba Dictyostelium aggregates via self-organization in response to chemoattractant waves.
  • Directional migration in dynamic chemical environments, especially the 'back-of-the-wave' problem, remains poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate how Dictyostelium cells migrate directionally in response to traveling chemoattractant waves.
  • Understand the role of cellular memory in navigating dynamic chemical gradients.
  • Elucidate the mechanisms underlying directed cell migration in spatiotemporal chemical landscapes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized microfluidics to expose Dictyostelium cells to traveling chemoattractant waves with controlled periods.
  • Quantified cell motion and the localization of a directional-sensing marker following rapid gradient switches.
  • Developed and applied a computational model coupling adaptive directional sensing with bistable cellular memory.

Main Results:

  • Dictyostelium cells exhibit memory, maintaining directed migration toward the wave source even when the spatial gradient reverses (back-of-the-wave).
  • Cellular memory's effectiveness diminishes with increasing wave periods, leading to reversed direction.
  • Experiments revealed insights into cellular memory dynamics and directional sensing after abrupt gradient changes.

Conclusions:

  • Cellular memory is crucial for Dictyostelium cells to navigate complex, dynamic chemical environments.
  • A model integrating adaptive sensing and bistable memory explains observed cell behaviors.
  • Spatiotemporal chemical cues are vital for guiding cell migration over extended distances.