Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Antihypertensive Drugs: Thiazide-Class Diuretics01:15

Antihypertensive Drugs: Thiazide-Class Diuretics

2.2K
Thiazide diuretics are sulfonamide derivatives featuring a benzothiadiazine ring system in their molecular structure. Based on this structure, thiazide diuretics can be categorized into two groups: thiazide-type and thiazide-like diuretics. Thiazide-type diuretics, including hydrochlorothiazide and chlorothiazide, consist of a benzothiadiazine backbone with an attached sulfonamide group. Thiazide-like diuretics, such as chlorthalidone and indapamide, lack the thiazide ring but demonstrate...
2.2K
Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors01:30

Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors

2.7K
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), a vital component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, is abundant in lung endothelial cells. ACE converts the inactive decapeptide, angiotensin I, into the active octapeptide, angiotensin II. This potent vasoconstrictor narrows blood vessels, increasing resistance to blood flow and elevating blood pressure. Angiotensin II also stimulates aldosterone production, encouraging kidney cells to reabsorb more sodium and water from urine, thereby increasing...
2.7K
Hypertension IV: Drug Therapy and Lifestyle Modifications01:28

Hypertension IV: Drug Therapy and Lifestyle Modifications

913
Multiple classes of antihypertensive medications are employed in treating hypertension. The most commonly recommended first-line treatments include:Thiazide Diuretics, such as chlorthalidone, increase sodium and water excretion from the body, reducing blood volume and blood pressure.Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, like lisinopril, block the conversion of angiotensin I to II, a potent vasoconstrictor lowering blood pressure.Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) prevent angiotensin II...
913
Antihypertensive Drugs: Direct Renin Inhibitors01:25

Antihypertensive Drugs: Direct Renin Inhibitors

1.8K
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is an intricate physiological pathway involving numerous enzymes and hormones, including renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin I and II, and aldosterone. Imbalances within this system increase the production of angiotensin II and aldosterone. Increased angiotensin II levels promote vasoconstriction and blood pressure elevation. Concurrently, higher aldosterone levels stimulate sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys,...
1.8K
Antihypertensive Drugs: Vasodilators01:23

Antihypertensive Drugs: Vasodilators

2.5K
Vasodilators, primarily affecting the smooth muscles within arterial and venous walls, are commonly used for hypertension treatment. Medications such as minoxidil and hydralazine primarily target arteries and arterioles, while sodium nitroprusside acts on arterioles and venules. Minoxidil, functioning as a prodrug, is metabolized by hepatic sulfotransferase into its active form, minoxidil sulfate, after oral administration. This metabolite binds to the sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) component of...
2.5K
Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System

1.6K
The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
1.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Canadian Surgery Forum: Abstracts of presentations to the Annual Meetings of the Canadian Association of Bariatric Physicians and Surgeons, Canadian Association of General Surgeons, Canadian Association of Thoracic Surgeons, Canadian Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association, Canadian Society of Surgical Oncology, Canadian Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Vancouver, BC, Sept. 17-21, 2013.

Canadian journal of surgery. Journal canadien de chirurgie·2025
Same author

Persistence and adherence to parenteral osteoporosis therapies: a systematic review.

Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA·2020
Same author

The hospital frailty risk score in patients with heart failure is strongly associated with outcomes but less so with pharmacotherapy.

Journal of internal medicine·2019
Same author

A comparison of four risk models for the prediction of cardiovascular complications in patients with a history of atrial fibrillation undergoing non-cardiac surgery.

Anaesthesia·2019
Same author

Adherence to osteoporosis therapy after an upper extremity fracture: a pre-specified substudy of the C-STOP randomized controlled trial.

Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA·2018
Same author

Changing concepts in hypertension management.

Journal of human hypertension·2017
Same journal

Proteome-Wide Binding Affinity Profiling.

Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology·2026
Same journal

Navigating the Computational Landscape for Drug Repurposing.

Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology·2026
Same journal

Microplastics and Atherosclerosis: Mechanisms.

Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology·2026
Same journal

Treating Pregnant and Lactating Women: Insights from Clinical Pharmacology.

Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology·2026
Same journal

<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> as a Model System for Environmental Mitotoxicants.

Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology·2025
Same journal

Introduction to the Theme "New Approaches, Technology, and Techniques That Advance Pharmacology and Toxicology".

Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology·2025
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Author Spotlight: Exploring Huotan Jiedu Tongluo Decoction as an Antihypertensive Drug
05:57

Author Spotlight: Exploring Huotan Jiedu Tongluo Decoction as an Antihypertensive Drug

Published on: May 17, 2024

1.3K

Intraclass differences among antihypertensive drugs.

R D Feldman1, Y Hussain, L M Kuyper

  • 1Departments of Medicine and of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada;

Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology
|September 25, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Major antihypertensive drug classes show varied side effects. Evidence suggests differences between specific diuretics (hydrochlorothiazide vs. chlorthalidone) and beta-blockers (atenolol), but not other classes.

Keywords:
angiotensin receptor blockersangiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitorscalcium channel blockersdiureticshypertensionβ-blockers

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Author Spotlight: Exploring Huotan Jiedu Tongluo Decoction as an Antihypertensive Drug
05:57

Author Spotlight: Exploring Huotan Jiedu Tongluo Decoction as an Antihypertensive Drug

Published on: May 17, 2024

1.3K

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Clinical Therapeutics

Background:

  • Antihypertensive medications are crucial for managing high blood pressure and preventing cardiovascular events.
  • The four main classes include diuretics, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and renin-angiotensin system inhibitors.
  • While side effect profiles differ, demonstrating clinical outcome differences within drug classes has been challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate intraclass differences among major antihypertensive drug classes.
  • To assess whether structural and chemical variations translate into differential effects on blood pressure and cardiovascular complications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of evidence based on a hierarchy-of-evidence approach.
  • Analysis of studies comparing specific drugs within antihypertensive classes.

Main Results:

  • Moderate-quality evidence indicates differences between hydrochlorothiazide and chlorthalidone.
  • Low-quality evidence suggests atenolol may be less effective than other beta-blockers.
  • No significant intraclass differences were established for calcium channel blockers or renin-angiotensin system inhibitors.

Conclusions:

  • Specific diuretics and beta-blockers may have differential clinical effects.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate intraclass differences in antihypertensive therapy.
  • Clinical decisions may need to consider these subtle but potentially important distinctions.