Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

3.5K
The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
3.5K
Multiple Allele Traits01:49

Multiple Allele Traits

38.2K
The Concept of Multiple Allelism
38.2K
Multiple Regression01:25

Multiple Regression

4.0K
Multiple regression assesses a linear relationship between one response or dependent variable and two or more independent variables. It has many practical applications.
Farmers can use multiple regression to determine the crop yield based on more than one factor, such as water availability, fertilizer, soil properties, etc. Here, the crop yield is the response or dependent variable as it depends on the other independent variables. The analysis requires the construction of a scatter plot...
4.0K
Multiple Voltage Sources01:25

Multiple Voltage Sources

1.8K
Generally, a single battery is not enough to power some devices. In such cases, batteries can be combined in two ways: in series or in parallel.
In series, the positive terminal of one battery is connected to the negative terminal of another battery. Hence, the voltage of each battery is added to give the net voltage, which is increased because each battery boosts the electrons that enter it. The same current flows through each battery because they are connected in series.
Batteries are...
1.8K
Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings01:11

Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings

484
When a rod is made of different materials or has various cross-sections, it must be divided into parts that meet the necessary conditions for determining the deformation. These parts are each characterized by their internal force, cross-sectional area, length, and modulus of elasticity. These parameters are then used to compute the deformation of the entire rod.
In the case of a member with a variable cross-section, the strain is not constant but depends on the position. The deformation of an...
484
Multiple Bar Graph01:07

Multiple Bar Graph

10.1K
As the name suggests, a multiple bar graph is the same as a bar graph but has multiple bars to depict relationships between different data values. One can include as many parameters as possible. However, each parameter must have the same unit of measurement.
Each bar or column in the multiple bar graph represents a data value. These graphs are used primarily in interrelating two or more sets of data. The categories of different kinds of data are listed along the horizontal or x-axis, whereas...
10.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Botulinum Toxin Type A Injections in the Bladder Wall-An Effective Treatment for Urinary Incontinence with Low Long-Term Adherence.

Toxins·2026
Same author

A year in pharmacology: new drugs approved by the US food and drug administration in 2025.

Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology·2026
Same author

The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2025/26: G protein-coupled receptors.

British journal of pharmacology·2025
Same author

Biased Agonism at β-Adrenoceptor Subtypes: A Drug Development Perspective.

Handbook of experimental pharmacology·2025
Same author

Vibegron in overactive bladder: a comprehensive review of efficacy, safety and patient-reported outcomes.

World journal of urology·2025
Same author

A Comprehensive Review and Meta-analysis on the Treatment of Acute Gastroenteritis in Children with a Bacillus clausii Preparation (Enterogermina<sup>®</sup>).

Advances in therapy·2025
Same journal

Navigating the Computational Landscape for Drug Repurposing.

Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology·2026
Same journal

Microplastics and Atherosclerosis: Mechanisms.

Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology·2026
Same journal

Treating Pregnant and Lactating Women: Insights from Clinical Pharmacology.

Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology·2026
Same journal

<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> as a Model System for Environmental Mitotoxicants.

Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology·2025
Same journal

Introduction to the Theme "New Approaches, Technology, and Techniques That Advance Pharmacology and Toxicology".

Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology·2025
Same journal

A Mechanistic Framework for Repurposing FDA-Approved Drugs to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance: The Case of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>.

Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology·2025
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

An In Vitro Bladder Model of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection
07:57

An In Vitro Bladder Model of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection

Published on: June 24, 2025

1.2K

Therapeutic modulation of urinary bladder function: multiple targets at multiple levels.

Martin C Michel1

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55101 Mainz, Germany;

Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology
|September 25, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Overactive bladder syndrome affects many people and involves more than just bladder muscle. Future treatments may offer better results by targeting the urothelium and nerves.

Keywords:
afferent nervemuscarinic receptor antagonisturotheliumα1-adrenoceptor antagonistβ-adrenoceptor agonist

More Related Videos

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing
05:25

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing

Published on: August 14, 2019

20.2K
Urinary Bladder Distention Evoked Visceromotor Responses as a Model for Bladder Pain in Mice
11:46

Urinary Bladder Distention Evoked Visceromotor Responses as a Model for Bladder Pain in Mice

Published on: April 27, 2014

18.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 8, 2026

An In Vitro Bladder Model of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection
07:57

An In Vitro Bladder Model of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection

Published on: June 24, 2025

1.2K
Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing
05:25

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing

Published on: August 14, 2019

20.2K
Urinary Bladder Distention Evoked Visceromotor Responses as a Model for Bladder Pain in Mice
11:46

Urinary Bladder Distention Evoked Visceromotor Responses as a Model for Bladder Pain in Mice

Published on: April 27, 2014

18.4K

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Overactive bladder syndrome is a common condition impacting bladder storage.
  • Historically, focus has been on bladder smooth muscle cells, but other structures are involved.
  • Mediators and structural changes like hypoperfusion can affect bladder function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiology and treatment of overactive bladder.
  • To highlight the role of the urothelium and afferent nerves in bladder function and treatment.
  • To explore potential future therapeutic strategies targeting specific bladder structures.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pathophysiological and treatment concepts for overactive bladder.
  • Analysis of the roles of the urothelium, nerves, and central nervous system in bladder regulation.
  • Examination of established treatments and their mechanisms of action.

Main Results:

  • Established overactive bladder treatments affect the urothelium and nerves, but not specifically.
  • Existing therapies include muscarinic antagonists, beta-adrenoceptor agonists, and onabotulinumtoxinA.
  • Alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonists are used for voiding dysfunction, also impacting these structures.

Conclusions:

  • The urothelium and afferent nerves play crucial roles in bladder storage dysfunction.
  • Current treatments indirectly affect these structures.
  • Targeting the urothelium and afferent nerves may offer future therapeutic advantages for overactive bladder.