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Related Experiment Video

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Using Brain Activation nir-HEG/Q-EEG and Execution Measures CPTs in a ADHD Assessment Protocol
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Brain abnormalities in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a review.

Katya Rubia1, Analucía A Alegría, Helen Brinson

  • 1King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, Reino Unido.

Revista De Neurologia
|September 26, 2014
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Summary

Magnetic resonance imaging reveals neural network abnormalities and delayed brain maturation in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Neuroimaging biomarkers are emerging for ADHD diagnosis and potential neurotherapy.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Radiology
  • Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

Background:

  • Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with widespread functional and structural neural network abnormalities.
  • Key affected networks include fronto-striatal, fronto-parieto-temporal, fronto-cerebellar, and fronto-limbic systems.
  • Evidence suggests a delay in brain maturation in individuals with ADHD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in child and adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
  • To summarize neuroimaging biomarkers for ADHD.
  • To discuss the clinical translation of neuroimaging in ADHD.

Main Methods:

  • Review of studies on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in ADHD.
  • Analysis of structural and functional neuroimaging data.
  • Inclusion of meta-analysis on stimulant effects on brain function.

Main Results:

  • ADHD is characterized by abnormalities in fronto-striatal and other neural networks.
  • Longitudinal studies indicate delayed structural brain maturation in ADHD.
  • Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex dysfunction and basal ganglia abnormalities are noted.
  • Psychostimulant medication increases activation in the inferior prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia.

Conclusions:

  • Neuroimaging has identified significant biomarkers for ADHD over the past two decades.
  • Future research should focus on clinical applications, including individual diagnosis, prognosis, and neurotherapy for ADHD.
  • Neuroimaging may offer potential therapeutic strategies to reverse established brain function abnormalities.