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Cell adhesion is  an essential aspect of multicellularity. While stable cell interactions usually occur between cells of the same type, transient cell interactions occur between cells of different tissue types, such as between neutrophils and endothelial cells. Selectins are one class of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that bind carbohydrate ligands to form transient cell adhesion. They are rod-like proteins with a long extracellular part of variable length ending with the lectin domain,...
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Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are pivotal to multicellularity and the coordinated functioning of tissues and organ systems. They enable physical interactions between cells and provide mechanical strength to tissues. They also function as receptors for signal transmission across the plasma membrane. The CAMs are broadly classified into four families - integrins, cadherins, selectins, and immunoglobulin-like CAMs (IgCAMs).
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Evolving mechanistic insights into galectin functions.

Connie M Arthur1, Marcelo Dias Baruffi, Richard D Cummings

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Galectins, ancient glycan-binding proteins, have diverse roles in cell adhesion and immunity. Evolving research reveals their crucial involvement in both intracellular and extracellular biological pathways for maintaining homeostasis.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Galectins are ancient glycan-binding proteins (GBPs) found across the animal kingdom.
  • Despite being discovered over 30 years ago, their biological functions are still being elucidated.
  • Galectins are unique in their presence in both cytoplasm and extracellular space.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a historical overview of galectin research.
  • To explore current understanding of galectin biological roles.
  • To highlight the evolving insights into galectin biology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of galectin research.
  • Analysis of current evidence on galectin functions.
  • Historical perspective on the discovery and study of galectins.

Main Results:

  • Galectins participate in numerous intracellular and extracellular pathways.
  • Key roles include maintaining homeostasis, cellular turnover, cell adhesion, and immunity.
  • Their functions are integral to various biological processes.

Conclusions:

  • Galectins are critical regulators of cellular and organismal functions.
  • Ongoing research continues to uncover novel roles for galectins.
  • Understanding galectin biology is essential for fields like immunology and cell biology.