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Updated: Apr 23, 2026

A Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model to Investigate the Tumor-Stromal Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Published on: September 30, 2021
Risk factors for combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma: a hospital-based case-control study
Yan-Ming Zhou1, Xiao-Feng Zhang1, Lu-Peng Wu1
1Yan-Ming Zhou, Lu-Peng Wu, Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreato-Vascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, Fujian Province, China.
Aim:
To identify risk factors contributing to the development of combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (CHC) in China.
Methods:
One hundred and twenty-six patients with CHC and 4:1 matched healthy controls were interviewed during the period from February 2000 to October 2012. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each risk factor.
Results:
Univariate analysis showed that the significant risk factors for CHC development were hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, heavy alcohol consumption, a family history of liver cancer, and diabetes mellitus. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that HBV infection (OR = 19.245, 95%CI: 13.260-27.931) and heavy alcohol consumption (OR = 2.186, 95%CI: 1.070-4.466) were independent factors contributing to the development of CHC.
Conclusion:
HBV infection and heavy alcohol consumption may play a role in the development of CHC in China.
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