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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Published on: September 12, 2011

Left-hemispheric microstructural abnormalities in children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder.

Daniel Peterson¹, Rajneesh Mahajan, Deana Crocetti

¹Center for Neurodevelopment and Imaging Research (CNIR), Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland.

Autism Research : Official Journal of the International Society for Autism Research

|September 27, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) involves altered brain connectivity, particularly in the left hemisphere. Diffusion tensor imaging revealed widespread white matter abnormalities in high-functioning children with ASD, suggesting hypomyelination and impacting communication skills.

Keywords:

diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)laterality neuroimaging white matter

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Area of Science:

Neuroimaging
Developmental Neuroscience
Autism Spectrum Disorder Research

Background:

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is theorized to stem from altered large-scale brain network connectivity.
Understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of ASD is crucial for developing targeted interventions.
White matter (WM) integrity is essential for efficient interregional communication in the brain.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the microstructural properties of white matter (WM) in high-functioning children with autism spectrum disorder (HF-ASD) compared to controls.
To identify specific patterns of WM abnormalities associated with ASD.
To explore the relationship between WM alterations, age, and hemispheric lateralization in HF-ASD.

Main Methods:

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was used to assess white matter microstructural properties.
An atlas-based analysis with large deformation diffeomorphic morphic mapping registration was employed.
36 high-functioning children with ASD and 37 typically developing controls participated in the study.

Main Results:

A widespread, left-lateralized pattern of white matter abnormalities was observed in children with HF-ASD.
Significantly elevated mean diffusivity (MD) of water in the left hemisphere's WM, especially in outer-zone cortical WM, was found in the HF-ASD group.
While MD decreased with age in both groups, the elevated MD in HF-ASD suggests potential hypomyelination and increased short-range connections.

Conclusions:

Altered left-hemispheric white matter connectivity is implicated in the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder.
The widespread and left-lateralized microstructural abnormalities in HF-ASD may contribute to communication and praxis deficits.
Findings suggest that early WM overgrowth followed by hypomyelination could underlie the observed connectivity differences in ASD.