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Variable number tandem repeats in dopamine receptor D4 in Tourette's syndrome
Shiguo Liu1, Jiajia Cui, Xinhua Zhang
1Genetic Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China; Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.
Background:
We attempted to clarify the association between dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) 48-bp variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) polymorphism and Tourette's syndrome.
Methods:
The DRD4 48-bp VNTR polymorphism was genotyped in 291 Tourette's syndrome patients (including 218 trios) and 405 controls. Chi-square and transmission disequilibrium test analysis were used to compare genetic distributions. We retrieved related studies in a meta-analysis to clarify the role of 2-repeat and 4-repeat alleles in the pathogenesis.
Results:
Obvious genotype and allele distribution differences were observed between patients and healthy controls for both 2-repeat and 4-repeat alleles. This was verified using transmission disequilibrium test analysis. Meta-analysis showed strong associations in both the total population and the Asian population.
Conclusions:
The DRD4 48-bp VNTR polymorphism appears to be associated with Tourette's syndrome, with the 2-repeat allele performing a protective role and the 4-repeat allele a nonprotective role in the genesis of the disease.
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