Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 23, 2026
11:56
Antimicrobial Peptides Produced by Selective Pressure Incorporation of Non-canonical Amino Acids
Published on: May 4, 2018
13.1K
The antimicrobial peptide lysozyme is induced after multiple trauma.
Tim Klüter1, Stefanie Fitschen-Oestern1, Sebastian Lippross1
1Department of Trauma Surgery, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
Mediators of Inflammation
|September 27, 2014
Summary
Lysozyme, a key antimicrobial peptide in innate immunity, is induced in trauma patients. Neutrophils are the primary source, with expression upregulated by trauma factors and bacterial components.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Biochemistry
- Trauma Research
Background:
- Lysozyme is a crucial antimicrobial peptide in innate immunity.
- Its role and regulation in trauma patients require further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate lysozyme expression in multiple injured patients.
- To identify sources and signaling pathways of lysozyme induction post-trauma.
Main Methods:
- ELISA and real-time PCR were used to analyze lysozyme expression.
- Samples included serum, blood cells (neutrophils), and tissue (hepatocytes) from trauma patients.
- Cells were stimulated with cytokines and Staphylococcus aureus.
Main Results:
- Lysozyme expression was induced and released in the serum of multiple injured patients.
- Neutrophils exhibited the highest lysozyme expression compared to other cells and tissues.
- Interleukin-6 and S. aureus significantly upregulated lysozyme expression in neutrophils and hepatocytes.
- Toll-like receptor 2 was identified as a potential mediator for lysozyme induction.
Conclusions:
- Lysozyme plays a significant role in the innate immune response to trauma.
- Neutrophils are a major source of lysozyme in trauma patients.
- Trauma-related factors and bacterial stimuli can modulate lysozyme expression via pathways involving Toll-like receptor 2.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:23Antimicrobial Proteins
10.6K
Antimicrobial proteins are important components of the immune system. They aid the body in combating pathogens by either killing them directly or hindering their replication processes. Four main types of antimicrobial substances are interferons, the complement system, iron-binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins.
Interferons
Interferons (IFNs) are proteins produced by lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts infected with viruses. While IFNs cannot prevent viruses from entering and...
Interferons
Interferons (IFNs) are proteins produced by lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts infected with viruses. While IFNs cannot prevent viruses from entering and...
10.6K
01:28Phases of Wound Repair
7.9K
Following injury, the integrity of the injured tissues must be reestablished. For example, in skin tissue, wound repair involves coordination among resident skin cells, blood mononuclear cells, extracellular matrix, growth factors, and cytokines to complete the healing cascade.
Formation of Blood Clot
In case of deep injuries, trauma to blood vessels results in blood loss. In the meantime, phospholipids released from the ruptured endothelial cellular membrane are converted into arachidonic...
Formation of Blood Clot
In case of deep injuries, trauma to blood vessels results in blood loss. In the meantime, phospholipids released from the ruptured endothelial cellular membrane are converted into arachidonic...
7.9K
01:31Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens
3.0K
The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
3.0K
01:21Acute Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology
30
The pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis centers on injury to pancreatic acinar cells, which initiates a cascade of harmful intracellular events.This injury leads to premature activation of trypsinogen to trypsin in the pancreas. Trypsin then activates other digestive enzymes, such as chymotrypsin, elastase, and phospholipase A2, which begin breaking down pancreatic tissue. The resulting autodigestion causes local inflammation, tissue swelling, hemorrhage, and fat necrosis.Injured acinar cells...
30
01:25Acute Inflammation II: Local and Systemic Effects
37
Acute inflammation produces a coordinated set of local and systemic changes that limit injury, eliminate pathogens, and initiate repair. These responses arise within minutes of infection, trauma, or chemical insult and are driven by vascular alterations and leukocyte-derived mediators. When the stimulus resolves, the reaction typically abates within days.Local EffectsAt the site of injury, arteriolar vasodilation increases blood flow, resulting in redness and warmth. Simultaneously, increased...
37
01:23Role of Matrix Metalloproteases in Degradation of ECM
2.8K
Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of proteins and glycoproteins of the extracellular matrix. MMPs are essential for the migration and proliferation of cells through the dense matrix network, throughout embryonic development, and throughout morphogenesis. The first MMP activity discovered was a collagenase in a tadpole's tail undergoing metamorphosis. The active collagen deposition and modifications lead to the morphogenesis of tadpoles into the adult...
2.8K