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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Temperature triggered shape memory effect of transpolyisoprene-based polymer.

Gakuji Tsukada1, Masayuki Tokuda1, Mitsuo Torii1

  • 1Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan.

Journal of Endodontics
|September 28, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Cross-linked trans-1, 4-polyisoprene (TPI) exhibits shape memory properties, with distinct thermal transitions influencing recovery stress and modulus. This material shows potential for root canal filling applications due to its temperature-dependent shape recovery.

Keywords:
4-polyisopreneCrystallinitygutta-percharoot canal filling materialshape memory polymerthermal propertytrans-1

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Materials Science
  • Biomaterials Engineering

Background:

  • Trans-1, 4-polyisoprene (TPI), a primary component in gutta-percha root canal filling, possesses inherent shape memory properties.
  • Cross-linking TPI enhances its shape memory capabilities, leading to its commercialization as SMP-2.
  • Understanding the thermal behavior and shape memory mechanism of cross-linked TPI is crucial for optimizing its dental applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the thermal properties of cross-linked SMP-2 (TPI).
  • To elucidate the mechanism underlying the shape memory function of cross-linked SMP-2.
  • To assess the potential of cross-linked SMP-2 as a root canal filling material.

Main Methods:

  • X-ray diffraction was employed to analyze the crystalline structure of TPI.
  • Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to identify thermal events.
  • Shape recovery, recovery stress, and relaxation modulus were measured in cross-linked SMP-2 specimens under varying temperatures.

Main Results:

  • Heating cross-linked SMP-2 induced shape recovery, accompanied by increased recovery stress, decreased relaxation modulus, and endothermic DSC peaks between 38°C and 51°C.
  • Cooling induced the opposite effects: decreased recovery stress, increased relaxation modulus, and an exothermic DSC peak between 27°C and 33°C.
  • These thermal transitions correlate directly with the material's shape recovery and stress relaxation behaviors.

Conclusions:

  • The shape memory property of TPI is attributed to its crystallinity and cross-linking.
  • The deformed shape of SMP-2 can be effectively fixed and recovered by manipulating temperature.
  • Modified thermal properties of cross-linked SMP-2 suggest significant utility as a root canal filling material.