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Positron Emission Tomography01:29

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Radiological investigations are paramount in the diagnosis and management of various pulmonary diseases. Two essential investigations are the Pulmonary Angiogram and the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan.
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Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique that provides crucial insights into the body's physiological functions at a molecular level. It is an indispensable resource for diagnosing, staging, and monitoring various illnesses, notably cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular conditions.
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False positive PET scan deserves attention.

Asli Gul Akgul1, Serife Tuba Liman, Salih Topcu

  • 1Kocaeli University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kocaeli, Turkey.

Journal of B.U.ON. : Official Journal of the Balkan Union of Oncology
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Positron emission tomography (PET) scans can identify pulmonary nodules but may yield false-positive results. This study found all evaluated nodules with high standard uptake values (SUV) were benign, highlighting the need for thorough investigation of suspicious PET findings.

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary medicine
  • Nuclear medicine
  • Diagnostic imaging

Background:

  • Pulmonary focal lesions are often incidental findings.
  • Diagnosing these lesions, especially in patients with malignancy risk factors or post-lung surgery, is challenging.
  • Positron emission tomography (PET) scans offer non-invasive metabolic assessment for lesion characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the occurrence and nature of false-positive positron emission tomography (PET) scan results in pulmonary nodules.
  • To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of PET scans in differentiating benign from malignant pulmonary lesions.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 19 cases with false-positive PET scan nodules.
  • Review of chest X-rays and thoracic computed tomography (CT) scans.
  • PET scans performed for suspicious lesions, with a standard uptake value (SUV) cut-off of 2.5 indicating potential malignancy.
  • Invasive procedures for highly suspicious cases.

Main Results:

  • Histological examination confirmed all resected lesions were benign.
  • PET scan results were false-positive for malignancy in all 19 cases.
  • Diagnoses included tuberculosis, aspergilloma, bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP), sarcoidosis, sequestration, anthracosis, and hamartoma.

Conclusions:

  • High standard uptake values (SUV) on PET scans can indicate benign conditions, leading to false-positive results.
  • Thorough investigation is crucial for patients with high SUV findings, particularly in regions with high granulomatous disease incidence or in the postoperative period.
  • PET scan findings should be interpreted cautiously in conjunction with clinical and radiological data.