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Related Concept Videos

pre-mRNA Processing02:01

pre-mRNA Processing

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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl...
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Pre-mRNA Processing02:01

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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
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piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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In ovo Expression of MicroRNA in Ventral Chick Midbrain
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In ovo Expression of MicroRNA in Ventral Chick Midbrain

Published on: September 16, 2013

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MicroRNA processing machinery in the developing chick embryo.

Gil Carraco1, Ana N Gonçalves1, Carlos Serra1

  • 1Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.

Gene Expression Patterns : GEP
|October 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial for vertebrate embryo development. This study maps the expression of key miRNA synthesis genes (DROSHA, DGCR8, XPO5, DICER1) in chick embryos, revealing their temporal and spatial roles.

Keywords:
Chick embryoDGCR8DICER1DROSHAMicroRNA machineryXPO5

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Preparation of Small RNA Libraries for Sequencing from Early Mouse Embryos
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Preparation of Small RNA Libraries for Sequencing from Early Mouse Embryos
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Preparation of Small RNA Libraries for Sequencing from Early Mouse Embryos

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Gene expression regulation is vital for embryonic development.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a documented role in vertebrate development, with their synthesis proteins essential for normal development.
  • Limited data exists on the expression patterns of miRNA synthesis genes during embryogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the expression patterns of DROSHA, DGCR8, XPO5, and DICER1 in the developing chick embryo.
  • To determine the temporal and spatial expression of these key miRNA biogenesis genes.
  • To investigate potential Dicer-independent pathways in early miRNA synthesis.

Main Methods:

  • Whole mount in situ hybridization in chick embryos (HH1 to HH25).
  • Cross-section analysis of gene expression.
  • Detailed mapping of miRNA processing gene expression during development.

Main Results:

  • DROSHA, DGCR8, XPO5, and DICER1 are co-expressed in multiple embryonic tissues, primarily after stage HH4.
  • DICER1 expression was not detected before early gastrulation, suggesting a Dicer-independent miRNA synthesis pathway.
  • Established detailed expression profiles for crucial miRNA biogenesis genes.

Conclusions:

  • miRNAs are significantly involved in vertebrate embryonic development.
  • The study provides a foundational expression framework for understanding miRNA processing proteins in development.
  • Identified potential Dicer-independent miRNA synthesis mechanisms in early development.