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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

74
Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
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Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

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Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion...
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Blood Transfusion and Agglutination02:45

Blood Transfusion and Agglutination

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Blood transfusion is a therapeutic measure to restore the blood volume after extensive blood loss due to an accident or a medical procedure. Blood transfusion involves drawing a certain amount of blood from a suitable donor and infusing it into the recipient.
History
The history of blood transfusion dates back to the 17th century, when early attempts were made in animals. In 1818 James Blundell, a British doctor, performed the first successful human blood transfusion. Later in 1900, Karl...
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Blood Transfusion01:15

Blood Transfusion

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Blood transfusion is a critical medical procedure that saves lives and treats various medical conditions. It involves transferring blood from a donor to a recipient. This process requires a thorough understanding of the ABO blood group system and its associated antigens and antibodies.
Blood Transfusion Overview
A blood transfusion is a medical procedure used to replace blood lost due to injury, surgery, or to treat conditions such as anemia or cancer. During a transfusion, donor blood is...
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Rh Blood Group01:19

Rh Blood Group

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The Rhesus (Rh) antigen is crucial in determining blood groups and ensuring compatibility during blood transfusions.
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Kidney Transplant I: Introduction01:28

Kidney Transplant I: Introduction

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A kidney transplant is a surgical approach that involves replacing a non-functioning kidney with a healthy one from a donor. This procedure is often a treatment option for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. The method requires careful recipient selection, including evaluating various medical and psychosocial factors. These criteria vary between transplant centers but generally include assessments of the patient's overall health, adherence to medical recommendations, and lifestyle...
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A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks
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[Hepatitis E virus: Blood transfusion implications].

P Gallian1, Y Piquet2, A Assal2

  • 1Établissement français du sang Alpes Méditerranée, 149, boulevard Baille, 13392 Marseille cedex 5, France; UMR D 190 « Émergence des pathologies virales » (Aix-Marseille University IRD French institute of research for development EHESP French school of public health), Marseille, France.

Transfusion Clinique Et Biologique : Journal De La Societe Francaise De Transfusion Sanguine
|October 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype 3 is a zoonotic infection prevalent in France, posing a risk for blood transfusion transmission. Nucleic acid testing (NAT) of blood donations is crucial for preventing HEV spread.

Keywords:
Blood transfusionDGVHEVNATPrevalencePrévalenceTransfusion sanguineVHE

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus transmitted via the fecal-oral route.
  • Autochthonous HEV in developed countries, primarily genotypes 3 and 4, is zoonotic, with infections often linked to consuming undercooked meat.
  • While typically asymptomatic, HEV genotype 3 can cause chronic hepatitis in immunocompromised individuals and is implicated in transfusion-transmitted HEV infections in Europe.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the prevalence of HEV RNA and IgG antibodies in France.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of HEV Nucleic Acid Testing (NAT) in blood donations.
  • To inform French health authorities on implementing safety measures against transfusion-transmitted HEV.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic HEV NAT screening of blood donations for solvent detergent plasma preparation.
  • Monitoring HEV RNA and specific IgG antibody prevalence in the French population.
  • Reviewing current prevention strategies and exploring alternative testing methods.

Main Results:

  • High prevalence of HEV RNA and IgG antibodies indicates significant viral circulation in France.
  • HEV NAT screening of blood donations revealed an infection rate of 1 in 2218 donations.
  • Current HEV NAT screening is the sole preventative measure against transfusion transmission.

Conclusions:

  • HEV genotype 3 poses a significant public health risk in France due to high prevalence and zoonotic transmission.
  • Systematic HEV NAT screening of blood donations is essential for preventing transfusion-transmitted HEV.
  • Further investigation into alternative NAT strategies, such as individual or mini-pool testing, is warranted to enhance blood safety.