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Related Concept Videos

Attachment of Sister Chromatids02:57

Attachment of Sister Chromatids

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As cells progress into mitosis, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the condensed chromosomes are exposed to the array of bipolar microtubules of the mitotic spindle. The kinetochore, a large, disc-shaped protein complex, is present at the centromere region of the sister chromatids and acts as a binding site for the microtubules.  Usually, the plus-end of a single microtubule is embedded within the kinetochore. However, some kinetochores first establish lateral contact with the side-wall...
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Attachment of Sister Chromatids02:57

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Forces Acting on Chromosomes02:11

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During mitosis, chromosome movements occur through the interplay of multiple piconewton level forces. In prometaphase, these forces help in chromosome assembly or congression at the equatorial plane, eventually leading to their alignment at the metaphase plate. The forces acting on the chromosomes are space and time-dependent; therefore, they vary with the position of the chromosomes as the cell progresses through mitosis. 
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Anaphase A and B01:39

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Microtubules form through the end-to-end polymerization of tubulin heterodimers. Kinetochore microtubules originate from the spindle poles, and their plus-ends connect with the kinetochores on sister-chromatids. Ndc80 protein complexes, present on the kinetochore, form low-affinity links with the plus end of these kinetochore microtubules.
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The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

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The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
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Single kinetochores execute an ordered series of molecular events as the spindle assembly checkpoint is silenced.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Directly Measuring Forces Within Reconstituted Active Microtubule Bundles
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Directly Measuring Forces Within Reconstituted Active Microtubule Bundles

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How Kinetochores CCAN resist force.

Andrew D McAinsh1

  • 1Mechanochemical Cell Biology Building, Division of Biomedical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.

Developmental Cell
|October 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary

The constitutive centromere-associated network (CCAN) has a complex structure that helps resist forces during cell division. This complex architecture is crucial for proper chromosome segregation, ensuring accurate cell replication.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Kinetochores are essential for chromosome segregation during mitosis.
  • Microtubules generate dynamic forces that kinetochores must withstand.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the architecture of the constitutive centromere-associated network (CCAN).
  • To understand the role of CCAN architecture in resisting forces during mitosis.

Main Methods:

  • The study likely involved advanced microscopy and biochemical techniques to analyze CCAN structure.
  • Further details on specific methodologies would be needed for a comprehensive list.

Main Results:

  • The constitutive centromere-associated network (CCAN) exhibits a complex and intricate architecture.

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Studying Mitotic Checkpoint by Illustrating Dynamic Kinetochore Protein Behavior and Chromosome Motion in Living Drosophila Syncytial Embryos
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  • This complex CCAN structure is vital for withstanding the mechanical forces exerted by microtubules.

    • Conclusions:

    • The findings highlight the importance of CCAN's structural complexity in ensuring faithful chromosome segregation.
    • This research provides new insights into the mechanical resilience of the mitotic machinery.