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Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with Multiple Substituents01:11

Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with Multiple Substituents

9.0K
When more than one substituent is present on the benzene ring, the IUPAC nomenclature depends on the number of substituents present.
For disubstituted benzene derivatives, with two groups attached to the benzene ring, three constitutional isomers are possible. For example, consider dimethyl benzene, often called xylene, where the second methyl group can be substituted at the second, third, or fourth carbon. The relative position of the substituents is represented by prefixes ortho, meta, or...
9.0K
Structure of Benzene: Molecular Orbital Model01:18

Structure of Benzene: Molecular Orbital Model

11.3K
According to the molecular orbital (MO) model, benzene has a planar structure with a regular hexagon of six sp2 hybridized carbons. As shown in Figure 1, each carbon is bonded to three other atoms with C–C–C and H–C–C bond angles of 120°. The C–H bond length is 109 pm, and the C–C bond length is 139 pm which is midway between the single bond length of sp3 hybridized carbons (154 pm) and sp2 hybridized carbons (133 pm).
11.3K
Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions01:20

Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions

1.9K
Arenediazonium substitution reactions occur when the diazonium group is substituted by various functional groups such as halides, hydroxyl, nitrile, etc. For instance, arenediazonium salts react with copper(I) salts of chloride, bromide, or cyanide to form corresponding aryl chlorides, bromides, and nitriles. These reactions are named Sandmeyer reactions. Although the mechanism of this reaction is complicated, as illustrated in Figure 1, they are believed to progress via an aryl copper...
1.9K
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Fluorination and Iodination of Benzene01:13

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Fluorination and Iodination of Benzene

6.5K
Bromination and chlorination of aromatic rings by electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions are easily achieved, but fluorination and iodination are difficult to achieve. Fluorine is so reactive that its reaction with benzene is difficult to control, resulting in poor yields of monofluoroaromatic products. To address this, Selectfluor reagent is used as a fluorine source in which a fluorine atom is bonded to a positively charged nitrogen.
6.5K
NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives01:37

NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives

10.2K
Simple unsubstituted benzene has six aromatic protons, all chemically equivalent. Therefore, benzene exhibits only a singlet peak at δ 7.3 ppm in the 1H NMR spectrum. The observed shift is far downfield because the aromatic ring current strongly deshields the protons. Any substitution on the benzene ring makes the aromatic protons nonequivalent, and the protons split each other. The peak is, therefore, no longer a singlet and the splitting pattern and their associated coupling...
10.2K
Structure of Conjugated Dienes01:16

Structure of Conjugated Dienes

5.5K
Introduction
Conjugated dienes are compounds characterized by the presence of alternating double and single bonds. In a conjugated system like 1,3-butadiene, the unhybridized 2p orbital on each carbon overlaps continuously, allowing the π electrons to be delocalized across the entire molecule. In contrast, this type of overlap does not occur in cumulated and isolated dienes, such as 2,3-pentadiene and 1,4-pentadiene, respectively. Instead, the π electrons remain localized between the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Photogeneration of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Application in Photoinduced Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization
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Photogeneration of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Application in Photoinduced Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization

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Imides modified benzopicenes: synthesis, solid structure and optoelectronic properties.

Di Wu1, Haojie Ge, Zhao Chen

  • 1Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China. yinj@mail.ccnu.edu.cn.

Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry
|October 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed new imide-modified benzopicenes for optoelectronic applications. These compounds exhibit tunable fluorescence and favorable solid-state properties, showing promise for organic electronics and bioimaging.

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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
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Last Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Photogeneration of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Application in Photoinduced Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization
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Synthesis of pH Dependent Pyrazole, Imidazole, and Isoindolone Dipyrrinone Fluorophores using a Claisen-Schmidt Condensation Approach
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Optoelectronics

Background:

  • Imide-modified polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are crucial in optoelectronic materials.
  • Benzopicenes are a class of PAHs with potential applications in organic electronics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel functionalized benzopicenes.
  • To investigate their solid structures and optoelectronic properties.
  • To evaluate their potential for organic devices, bioimaging, and biolabeling.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of four novel functionalized benzopicenes.
  • Characterization of solid structures using single crystal X-ray diffraction.
  • Measurement of optoelectronic properties, including fluorescence and quantum yields.

Main Results:

  • The synthesized benzopicenes exhibited red-shifted fluorescence with increasing solvent polarity.
  • High fluorescence quantum yields were observed in solution, and moderate yields in the solid state.
  • Single crystal analysis revealed a lamellar motif with π-stacking in the benzophene structures.

Conclusions:

  • The functionalized benzopicenes possess favorable solubility and optoelectronic characteristics.
  • These compounds are promising candidates for solution-processable organic electronic devices.
  • Potential applications in bioimaging and biolabeling were highlighted.