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Related Concept Videos

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

200
Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
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Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

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Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

7.1K
Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
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Cross-reactivity00:42

Cross-reactivity

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Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Stimulation of Stem Cell Niches and Tissue Regeneration in Mouse Skin by Switchable Protoporphyrin IX-Dependent Photogeneration of Reactive Oxygen Species In Situ
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Stimulation of Stem Cell Niches and Tissue Regeneration in Mouse Skin by Switchable Protoporphyrin IX-Dependent Photogeneration of Reactive Oxygen Species In Situ

Published on: May 8, 2020

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Photoallergy.

Golara Honari

    Reviews on Environmental Health
    |October 3, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    Photoallergic contact dermatitis (PACD) involves skin reactions to light and allergens, distinct from phototoxic reactions. Diagnosis via photopatch testing is crucial but underutilized, potentially leading to missed cases of PACD.

    Area of Science:

    • Dermatology
    • Immunology
    • Photobiology

    Background:

    • Photoallergic contact dermatitis (PACD) is a delayed hypersensitivity reaction.
    • It occurs when skin is exposed to UV/visible light and a photoreactive allergen.
    • PACD requires prior sensitization to photoallergens.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To provide an overview of photocontact allergies.
    • To differentiate PACD from phototoxic reactions.
    • To highlight the diagnostic challenges and common triggers of PACD.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on photocontact allergies.
    • Comparison of clinical presentations of PACD and phototoxic reactions.
    • Discussion of diagnostic techniques, primarily photopatch testing.

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    Near Infrared Photoimmunotherapy for Mouse Models of Pleural Dissemination
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    Last Updated: Apr 23, 2026

    Stimulation of Stem Cell Niches and Tissue Regeneration in Mouse Skin by Switchable Protoporphyrin IX-Dependent Photogeneration of Reactive Oxygen Species In Situ
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    Stimulation of Stem Cell Niches and Tissue Regeneration in Mouse Skin by Switchable Protoporphyrin IX-Dependent Photogeneration of Reactive Oxygen Species In Situ

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    Cercosporin-Photocatalyzed [4+1]- and [4+2]-Annulations of Azoalkenes Under Mild Conditions
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    Near Infrared Photoimmunotherapy for Mouse Models of Pleural Dissemination
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    Main Results:

    • PACD is a type IV hypersensitivity reaction.
    • Phototoxic reactions do not require sensitization.
    • Photopatch testing is the primary diagnostic tool for PACD.
    • Sunscreens and topical NSAIDs are common photosensitizers.

    Conclusions:

    • PACD is often overlooked due to underutilization of photopatch testing.
    • Distinguishing PACD from phototoxic reactions is clinically important.
    • Awareness of common photoallergens like sunscreens is key.