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Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

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Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
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Coronary Artery Disease III: Clinical Manifestations01:30

Coronary Artery Disease III: Clinical Manifestations

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a primary health risk worldwide, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. The condition arises from the buildup of atherosclerotic plaques within the coronary arteries, resulting in diminished blood supply to the heart muscle.The clinical manifestations of CAD vary widely, from asymptomatic stages to severe, life-threatening conditions. Understanding these manifestations is crucial for early diagnosis and effective management.Angina Pectoris: The Warning...
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Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

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Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
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Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

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Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
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Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
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Cardiac manifestations in systemic sclerosis.

Sevdalina Lambova1

  • 1Sevdalina Lambova, Department of Propedeutics in Internal Medicine, Medical University, Plovdiv 4002, Bulgaria.

World Journal of Cardiology
|October 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) can cause heart problems like myocardial damage and fibrosis. Early detection using advanced imaging techniques is crucial for better patient outcomes in cardiac systemic sclerosis.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Rheumatology
  • Systemic Sclerosis Research

Background:

  • Systemic sclerosis (SSc) frequently involves the heart, presenting as myocardial damage, conduction system fibrosis, pericardial, or valvular disease.
  • Cardiac complications in SSc can be primary or secondary to pulmonary arterial hypertension and kidney disease.
  • The prevalence of cardiac involvement in SSc is challenging to ascertain due to varied manifestations, subclinical phases, and diagnostic methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the cardiac manifestations of systemic sclerosis.
  • To discuss the diagnostic challenges and prognostic significance of cardiac involvement in SSc.
  • To highlight the role of advanced imaging in early detection and management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of cardiac involvement in systemic sclerosis.
Keywords:
Cardiac involvementSystemic sclerosis

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  • Analysis of diagnostic tools including echocardiography, SPECT, MRI, and CT.
  • Discussion of microvascular and macrovascular disease in SSc patients.

    • Main Results:

    • Cardiac involvement in SSc includes myocardial, conduction, pericardial, and valvular pathologies.
    • Microvascular disease is a key feature of SSc, potentially predicting future atherosclerosis.
    • Prevalence of atherosclerosis in SSc is debated, possibly less aggressive than in other rheumatic diseases due to lower inflammation.

    Conclusions:

    • Early screening for subclinical cardiac involvement in SSc using sensitive imaging is vital.
    • Timely diagnosis and treatment of SSc-related cardiac conditions improve prognosis.
    • Advanced cardiac imaging techniques are essential for identifying structural and functional cardiac pathologies in SSc.