Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Feedback Inhibition00:46

Feedback Inhibition

43.9K
Biochemical reactions are occurring constantly in cells, converting starting substances to different products, usually with the help of enzymes that speed the reactions. Without enzymes, it would take far too long for most reactions to occur to be useful to the cell!
43.9K
Indirect Motor Pathways01:22

Indirect Motor Pathways

3.4K
The indirect motor or extrapyramidal pathways originate in the brainstem, the lower portion of the brain that connects it to the spinal cord. They consist of several distinct tracts, each with specialized functions. The four main tracts of the indirect motor pathways are the vestibulospinal tract, the reticulospinal tract, the tectospinal tract, and the rubrospinal tract.
The vestibulospinal tract originates in the vestibular nuclei of the brainstem. The vestibular system detects changes in...
3.4K
Diencephalon: Thalamus and Information Relay01:27

Diencephalon: Thalamus and Information Relay

4.8K
The thalamus, often called “the gateway to the cerebral cortex,” is vital in processing and directing sensory and motor signals throughout the brain. Almost all inputs destined for the cerebral cortex, except for olfactory signals, are relayed through the thalamus. The thalamus is  a sophisticated relay station, channeling information from various brain regions to the cerebral cortex, as well as a filter, prioritizing certain signals over others based on current physiological...
4.8K
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

7.9K
The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
7.9K
Diencephalon: Anatomical Regions01:30

Diencephalon: Anatomical Regions

5.8K
The diencephalon, etymologically translated as 'through brain,' plays an integral role as the conduit between the cerebrum and the vast extent of the nervous system. However, the olfactory system is an exception, as it interfaces directly with the cerebrum. The diencephalon, deeply ensconced beneath the cerebrum, primarily consists of three paired structures — the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithelamus. It also includes accessory structures such as the subthalamus, which houses the...
5.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Neuropixels Opto: combining high-resolution electrophysiology and optogenetics.

Nature methods·2026
Same author

Brainwide blood volume reflects opposing neural populations.

Nature·2026
Same author

Mapping the visual cortex with Zebra noise and wavelets.

Journal of vision·2026
Same author

Glutamate indicators with increased sensitivity and tailored deactivation rates.

Nature methods·2025
Same author

Ultra-high-density Neuropixels probes improve detection and identification in neuronal recordings.

Neuron·2025
Same author

Brain-wide representations of prior information in mouse decision-making.

Nature·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Online Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Protocol for Measuring Cortical Physiology Associated with Response Inhibition
08:55

Online Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Protocol for Measuring Cortical Physiology Associated with Response Inhibition

Published on: February 8, 2018

9.1K

A cortical rein on the tectum's gain.

Sylvia Schröder1, Matteo Carandini1

  • 1University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK.

Neuron
|October 4, 2014
PubMed
Summary

The visual cortex precisely controls the superior colliculus (tectum) gain retinotopically. This study reveals visual cortex influences tectal operations without altering its fundamental functions.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sensory processing
  • Sensorimotor integration

Background:

  • The superior colliculus (tectum) is a primitive sensorimotor hub.
  • Its role in sensorimotor control predates cortical evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of the visual cortex on the superior colliculus.
  • To determine the nature and specificity of this top-down control.

Main Methods:

  • Retinotopic mapping techniques.
  • Analysis of neural activity in the superior colliculus.
  • Investigating visual cortex modulation of tectal function.

Main Results:

  • The visual cortex exerts precise, retinotopic gain control over the superior colliculus.

More Related Videos

Intracortical Inhibition Within the Primary Motor Cortex Can Be Modulated by Changing the Focus of Attention
09:48

Intracortical Inhibition Within the Primary Motor Cortex Can Be Modulated by Changing the Focus of Attention

Published on: September 11, 2017

9.7K
Preparations and Protocols for Whole Cell Patch Clamp Recording of Xenopus laevis Tectal Neurons
05:25

Preparations and Protocols for Whole Cell Patch Clamp Recording of Xenopus laevis Tectal Neurons

Published on: March 15, 2018

9.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Online Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Protocol for Measuring Cortical Physiology Associated with Response Inhibition
08:55

Online Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Protocol for Measuring Cortical Physiology Associated with Response Inhibition

Published on: February 8, 2018

9.1K
Intracortical Inhibition Within the Primary Motor Cortex Can Be Modulated by Changing the Focus of Attention
09:48

Intracortical Inhibition Within the Primary Motor Cortex Can Be Modulated by Changing the Focus of Attention

Published on: September 11, 2017

9.7K
Preparations and Protocols for Whole Cell Patch Clamp Recording of Xenopus laevis Tectal Neurons
05:25

Preparations and Protocols for Whole Cell Patch Clamp Recording of Xenopus laevis Tectal Neurons

Published on: March 15, 2018

9.0K
  • This control modulates tectal operations without fundamentally changing them.

    • Conclusions:

    • Visual cortex plays a critical role in refining sensorimotor processing via the superior colliculus.
    • Top-down control from the visual cortex allows for specific modulation of tectal gain.