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Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
Published on: January 29, 2018
Stone composition as a function of age and sex
John C Lieske1, Andrew D Rule2, Amy E Krambeck3
1Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lieske.John@mayo.edu.
Patient age and sex significantly influence kidney stone composition, with seasonal variations observed for calcium oxalate and uric acid stones. Understanding these factors is crucial for personalized stone prevention strategies.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Urology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Kidney stones are diverse, yet often categorized broadly.
- Demographic and seasonal impacts on stone composition are under-recognized.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the influence of patient demographics (age, sex) and season on kidney stone composition.
- To analyze trends in stone types based on patient characteristics and time of year.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of 43,545 kidney stones submitted for analysis in 2010.
- Classification of stones by composition: struvite, cystine, uric acid, brushite, calcium oxalate, and hydroxyapatite.
Main Results:
- Calcium oxalate stones were most common (67%), followed by hydroxyapatite (16%) and uric acid (8%).
- Sex influenced stone type: men predominantly formed calcium oxalate and uric acid stones, while women formed more hydroxyapatite and struvite stones.
- Hydroxyapatite stones were the second most common before age 55, shifting to uric acid stones after age 55.
- Calcium oxalate and uric acid stones showed increased incidence during summer months (July-August).
Conclusions:
- Age and sex significantly impact kidney stone formation and composition.
- Specific demographic groups show distinct stone type prevalences.
- Summer season is associated with increased risk for calcium oxalate and uric acid stones.
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