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Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skeletal Muscle Disease

Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skeletal Muscle Disease

Published on: December 18, 2016

Muscle changes detected with diffusion-tensor imaging after long-distance running.

Martijn Froeling¹, Jos Oudeman, Gustav J Strijkers

¹From the Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands (M.F., G.J.S., K.N.); Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.F., J.O., M.M., A.J.N.); and Department of Human Movement Science, School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.R.D.).

|October 4, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) successfully detected subclinical muscle changes in athletes after strenuous exercise, revealing alterations not visible with standard MRI. This DTI protocol offers a feasible method for comprehensive upper leg imaging.

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Area of Science:

Sports Medicine
Radiology
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Conventional T2-weighted MRI with fat suppression has limitations in detecting early, subclinical muscle damage.
Strenuous exercise, like marathon running, can cause muscle changes not apparent on standard imaging.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) protocol for complete upper leg imaging.
To assess the feasibility of DTI in detecting subclinical muscle changes in athletes post-exercise.

Main Methods:

A DTI protocol was developed and applied to five male amateur long-distance runners.
MR imaging (DTI, T1, T2-weighted) of the upper legs was performed before, 2 days after, and 3 weeks after a marathon.
DTI-derived parameters (eigenvalues, mean diffusivity, fractional anisotropy) were analyzed and compared across time points.

Main Results:

The DTI protocol allowed complete upper leg imaging within 20 minutes with adequate signal-to-noise ratio.
While T2-weighted MRI showed minimal muscle strains, DTI revealed significant increases in diffusivity and eigenvalues in biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and gracilis muscles post-marathon.
These DTI changes indicate subclinical muscle alterations not detected by conventional MRI.

Conclusions:

A feasible DTI protocol for comprehensive upper leg imaging, including frequently injured muscles like hamstrings, was established.
DTI is more sensitive than T2-weighted MRI in detecting exercise-induced subclinical muscle changes.
This advanced imaging technique aids in understanding muscle adaptation and injury in athletes.