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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

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Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
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Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

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Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion...
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Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

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Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
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Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

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Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
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Diphtheria01:28

Diphtheria

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Diphtheria is an acute, toxin-mediated infectious disease that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract. It is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a Gram-positive, pleomorphic rod that lacks spore-forming capability and exhibits a characteristic club-shaped morphology under microscopic examination. While C. diphtheriae can asymptomatically colonize mucosal surfaces, clinical disease manifests only when the bacterial strain is lysogenized by a specific β-corynephage. This phage...
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Influenza01:27

Influenza

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Influenza is an acute, highly communicable viral disease that affects the respiratory tract and is responsible for seasonal epidemics worldwide. Influenza A is the most prevalent type associated with widespread outbreaks and is subtyped based on two surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), as in H1N1. These glycoproteins are essential for viral infectivity, transmission, and immune recognition. Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets and contaminated...
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Hendra virus.

Deborah Middleton1

  • 1Australian Animal Health Laboratory, CSIRO, PB 24, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia.

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Equine Practice
|October 5, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new Hendra virus vaccine for horses is available, offering protection against this dangerous pathogen. This vaccine aims to prevent disease in horses, thereby reducing the risk of transmission to humans.

Keywords:
DiseaseEmergingHendraHorseInfectiousPathogenesisVaccineZoonotic

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Zoonotic Disease Research
  • Vaccine Development

Background:

  • Hendra virus (HeV) infections in horses have historically resulted from spillover events from flying-fox populations in Australia.
  • Sporadic HeV outbreaks in horses between 1994-2010 occasionally led to human infections.
  • A significant increase in HeV outbreaks in 2011 heightened public health concerns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the first commercially available inactivated subunit vaccine for horses against Hendra virus.
  • To outline the vaccine's role in mitigating the impact of a Biosafety Level 4 pathogen.
  • To assess the vaccine's potential in reducing human exposure risk.

Main Methods:

  • Development and release of an inactivated subunit vaccine for equine use.
  • Focus on preventing acute Hendra virus disease in horses.

Main Results:

  • The vaccine represents a novel approach to managing a high-consequence zoonotic disease.
  • Prevention of HeV disease in horses is anticipated.

Conclusions:

  • The Hendra virus vaccine for horses is a critical tool for disease control.
  • Vaccination is expected to significantly lower the risk of HeV transmission from horses to humans.