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Pillars of judgment: how memory abilities affect performance in rule-based and exemplar-based judgments
Janina A Hoffmann1, Bettina von Helversen1, Jörg Rieskamp1
1Department of Psychology, University of Basel.
Journal of Experimental Psychology. General
|October 7, 2014
Summary
Accurate judgments depend on memory. Working memory aids rule-based judgments, while episodic memory enhances exemplar-based judgments and strategy selection.
Area of Science:
- Cognitive Psychology
- Neuroscience
Background:
- Accurate judgment is crucial for daily functioning.
- The relationship between memory abilities and judgment strategies remains debated.
- Understanding these links can inform cognitive models.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate how individual differences in memory abilities influence judgment performance.
- To examine the roles of working memory and episodic memory in rule-based and exemplar-based judgment strategies.
Main Methods:
- A study involving 279 participants assessed judgment accuracy and strategy use.
- Two tasks were designed to elicit rule-based or exemplar-based strategies.
- Structural equation modeling was employed to analyze the relationships between memory and judgment.
Main Results:
- Participants demonstrated strategy switching between tasks.
- Working memory capacity predicted performance on rule-based tasks.
- Episodic memory predicted accuracy in exemplar-based tasks and influenced strategy choice.
Conclusions:
- Different memory systems support distinct judgment strategies.
- Working memory is key for rule-based processing, while episodic memory supports exemplar-based processing.
- These findings clarify the interplay between memory and judgment.
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