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Visual System

Visual System

Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...

Vision

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.

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Artificial vision support system (AVS(2)) for improved prosthetic vision.

Wolfgang Fink¹, Mark A Tarbell

¹Visual and Autonomous Exploration Systems Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy , 1200 E California Blvd, Mail Code 103-33, Pasadena, CA 91125 , USA and.

Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology

|October 7, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

An Artificial Vision Support System (AVS(2)) enhances visual perception for individuals with blindness by optimizing limited electrode input from artificial vision systems. This system improves object detection and navigation in challenging environments.

Keywords:

Artificial vision real time image processing retinal implant smartphone visual prosthesis

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Computer Vision
Neuroscience

Background:

Current artificial vision systems use limited electrodes, resulting in restricted visual perception for blind individuals.
Real-time image processing is essential to maximize the utility of low-resolution artificial vision.
Enhancing contrast and edges is critical for object recognition over fine details in low-resolution visual input.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop an Artificial Vision Support System (AVS(2)) that processes camera input for artificial vision implants.
To enhance the perception of 'present but hidden' objects by optimizing visual data for limited electrode arrays.
To improve mobility and safety for users of visual prostheses in complex environments.

Main Methods:

Devised an Artificial Vision Support System (AVS(2)) to pixelate video streams matching the electrode dimensions of retinal implants.
Implemented efficient, real-time image processing modules to modify and enhance visual data.
Enabled user-defined, repeatable application of image processing modules for customizable visual enhancement.

Main Results:

AVS(2) successfully modifies video streams to enhance perception for limited electrode artificial vision systems.
The system improves the ability of visual prosthesis users to discern objects, enhancing navigation capabilities.
AVS(2) demonstrated applicability to various imaging modalities and artificial vision system types.

Conclusions:

AVS(2) offers a significant advancement in artificial vision technology by optimizing visual data processing.
The system's modular and adaptable design supports a wide range of current and future artificial vision applications.
Enhanced visual perception through AVS(2) can lead to greater independence and safety for individuals with visual impairments.