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Related Concept Videos

Chirality02:25

Chirality

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Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...
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Nonconscious mimicry occurs when individuals alter their mannerisms to match the behaviors and expressions of those nearby, without intention.
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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
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A complementation test is a simple cross to identify whether the two mutations are located on the same gene or different genes. It was first performed by Edward Lewis in the 1940s while working on fruit flies. He developed the test to identify the location and arrangement of different mutations on chromosomes.
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Crossing over is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I. Genetic recombination gives rise to allelic diversity in the newly formed daughter cells. In humans, crossing over produces genetically distinct haploid egg and sperm cells that undergo fertilization to produce unique offspring. Before cell division starts, the germ cell’s chromosome(s) undergo duplication in the S phase of the cell cycle. As the cells enter prophase I,...
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Chirality in Nature02:30

Chirality in Nature

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Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.
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Dechorionation of Medaka Embryos and Cell Transplantation for the Generation of Chimeras
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Chimeras - no longer a myth.

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Allogeneic marrow transplantation has shown improving success for aplastic anemia, leukemia, and immunodeficiency syndromes. A recent meeting reviewed challenges and advancements in both transplant and non-transplant treatments for blood disorders.

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Transplantation Immunology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Allogeneic marrow transplantation has emerged as a significant therapeutic modality within the last 15 years.
  • The procedure has demonstrated progressively better outcomes for severe aplastic anemia, leukemia, and congenital immunodeficiency syndromes.
  • This progress necessitates a comprehensive review of current treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate the successes and challenges associated with allogeneic marrow transplantation.
  • To review non-transplant therapeutic approaches for lymphohemopoietic disorders.
  • To consolidate knowledge on malignant and nonmalignant conditions affecting the blood and immune systems.

Main Methods:

  • A critical review of existing literature and clinical data.
  • Discussion and synthesis of findings from a recent scientific meeting.
  • Comparative analysis of transplant versus non-transplant treatment modalities.

Main Results:

  • Allogeneic marrow transplantation has achieved continuously improving results in treating specific hematologic and immunologic conditions.
  • The review identified key problems and achievements in the application of marrow transplantation.
  • Non-transplant approaches were also assessed for their efficacy in managing these disorders.

Conclusions:

  • Allogeneic marrow transplantation is a well-established and evolving treatment for severe aplastic anemia, leukemia, and immunodeficiency syndromes.
  • Continued critical evaluation of both transplant and non-transplant methods is essential for optimizing patient care in lymphohemopoietic disorders.
  • The field benefits from collaborative reviews to address ongoing challenges and advancements.