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The T4 molecule: function and structure.

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Summary
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T4 antigen T lymphocytes are key immune regulators with diverse functions. Evidence suggests phenotypically distinct T4-positive T cell subpopulations perform these roles, with T4 potentially acting as a receptor for MHC class II and HTLV-III.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Virology

Background:

  • T4 antigen T lymphocytes are central immunoregulatory cells.
  • These cells exhibit helper/inducer functions, antigen proliferation, suppression control, and lymphokine release.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence for distinct subpopulations of T4-positive T cells.
  • To discuss the role of T4 as a receptor for MHC class II molecules and HTLV-III.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of immunological and cellular studies.
  • Analysis of phenotypic differences in T4-positive T cell subpopulations.

Main Results:

  • Growing evidence indicates phenotypically distinct subpopulations of T4-positive T cells.
  • T4 is proposed as a potential receptor for class II MHC molecules.
  • T4 is also discussed as a potential receptor for Human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III).

Conclusions:

  • T4-positive T cells are functionally diverse and composed of distinct subpopulations.
  • The T4 molecule may serve as a receptor for both host (MHC class II) and viral (HTLV-III) ligands.