Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Influenza01:27

Influenza

70
Influenza is an acute, highly communicable viral disease that affects the respiratory tract and is responsible for seasonal epidemics worldwide. Influenza A is the most prevalent type associated with widespread outbreaks and is subtyped based on two surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), as in H1N1. These glycoproteins are essential for viral infectivity, transmission, and immune recognition. Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets and contaminated...
70
Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence01:28

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

81
Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable...
81
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

43.7K
Overview
43.7K
Steps in Outbreak Investigation01:18

Steps in Outbreak Investigation

772
In the ever-evolving field of public health, statistical analysis serves as a cornerstone for understanding and managing disease outbreaks. By leveraging various statistical tools, health professionals can predict potential outbreaks, analyze ongoing situations, and devise effective responses to mitigate impact. For that to happen, there are a few possible stages of the analysis:
772
Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis01:30

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

54
Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
54

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The ideal vaccine.

World journal of microbiology & biotechnology·2014
Same author

Determining the immune mechanisms of protection from AIDS: correlates of immunity and the development of syngeneic macaques.

Immunological reviews·2002
Same author

Exploring the unknown: the challenges of a career in biomedical research.

The Medical journal of Australia·2001
Same author

Frank Macfarlane Burnet: virologist, immunologist and Nobel Prize Winner.

The Medical journal of Australia·1999
Same author

DNA immunization.

Immunology and cell biology·1997
Same author

HIV type 1 vaccine-induced cytotoxic T cell responses: potential role in vaccine efficacy.

AIDS research and human retroviruses·1997
Same journal

Foreword.

Immunology today·2020
Same journal

The origin and significance of anti-DNA antibodies.

Immunology today·2014
Same journal

Mutations of class II MHC molecules.

Immunology today·2014
Same journal

Antigen processing at the molecular level.

Immunology today·2014
Same journal

Phenotypically and functionally distinct T-cell subsets in anti-tumor responses.

Immunology today·2014
Same journal

Are MHC class II-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes important?

Immunology today·2014
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 22, 2026

Using Zebrafish Models of Human Influenza A Virus Infections to Screen Antiviral Drugs and Characterize Host Immune Cell Responses
09:07

Using Zebrafish Models of Human Influenza A Virus Infections to Screen Antiviral Drugs and Characterize Host Immune Cell Responses

Published on: January 20, 2017

9.8K

Controlling influenza epidemics.

G L Ada1

  • 1Department of Microbiology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, A.C.T. 2601, Australia.

Immunology Today
|October 8, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Natural influenza virus infection provides more complete and long-lasting protection than inactivated vaccines. This review summarizes evidence supporting this epidemiological observation for better influenza immunity.

More Related Videos

A Luciferase-fluorescent Reporter Influenza Virus for Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection
05:21

A Luciferase-fluorescent Reporter Influenza Virus for Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection

Published on: August 14, 2019

28.9K
Use of an Influenza Antigen Microarray to Measure the Breadth of Serum Antibodies Across Virus Subtypes
08:52

Use of an Influenza Antigen Microarray to Measure the Breadth of Serum Antibodies Across Virus Subtypes

Published on: July 26, 2019

8.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 22, 2026

Using Zebrafish Models of Human Influenza A Virus Infections to Screen Antiviral Drugs and Characterize Host Immune Cell Responses
09:07

Using Zebrafish Models of Human Influenza A Virus Infections to Screen Antiviral Drugs and Characterize Host Immune Cell Responses

Published on: January 20, 2017

9.8K
A Luciferase-fluorescent Reporter Influenza Virus for Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection
05:21

A Luciferase-fluorescent Reporter Influenza Virus for Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection

Published on: August 14, 2019

28.9K
Use of an Influenza Antigen Microarray to Measure the Breadth of Serum Antibodies Across Virus Subtypes
08:52

Use of an Influenza Antigen Microarray to Measure the Breadth of Serum Antibodies Across Virus Subtypes

Published on: July 26, 2019

8.6K

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Influenza virus epidemics necessitate vaccination strategies.
  • Current vaccines include inactivated whole virus or isolated viral antigen preparations.
  • Natural infection is often perceived to offer superior immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent evidence comparing natural influenza infection and vaccination-induced immunity.
  • To support epidemiological observations regarding influenza protection.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological studies.
  • Summary of evidence on immune response to natural infection versus vaccination.

Main Results:

  • Natural influenza virus infection confers more complete protection.
  • Protection from natural infection is generally longer-lasting than vaccine-induced immunity.
  • Evidence supports epidemiological findings on superior natural immunity.

Conclusions:

  • Natural influenza infection provides a more robust and durable immune response compared to current inactivated vaccines.
  • Further research may explore ways to enhance vaccine efficacy to mimic natural infection outcomes.