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Related Concept Videos

The Cell Cycle Control System01:28

The Cell Cycle Control System

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The cell cycle regulation directs how a cell proceeds from one phase to the next and begins mitosis. The cell cycle control system includes intracellular regulatory molecules and external triggers. They provide "stop" or "advance" signals and operate at specific cell cycle stages termed checkpoints to ensure that a particular process is completed before the cell advances to the next phase.
Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) are the primary cell cycle regulators and...
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The cell cycle is an organized set of events that leads the cell to divide into two daughter cells, each containing chromosomes identical to the parent cell. It is the cell cycle that leads to the formation of an entire organism from a single-cell zygote. Besides, cell division also functions in the renewal or repair of tissues in adult multicellular eukaryotes. For example, in the bone marrow, the stem cells divide to form new blood cells. Although essential for several functions, cell...
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Cell size is a significant factor impacting cellular design, function, and fitness. There exists some internal coordination by which cells double their masses before division, thus, achieving homeostasis. Coordination between cell growth and proliferation depends on the checkpoints in between cell cycle phases. Loss of coordination or failure in the checkpoint mechanism can drive the cell to uncontrolled growth and loss of cellular function. Like dividing cells that coordinate cellular growth,...
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Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
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Isolation and Activation of Murine Lymphocytes
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Cell-cycle control in lymphocyte stimulation.

G G Klaus1, C M Hawrylowicz

  • 1Division of Immunology, National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lymphocyte division does not automatically continue once initiated. Specific arrest points exist in T and B lymphocyte cell cycles, requiring distinct signals for progression.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Lymphocyte activation and proliferation are crucial for adaptive immunity.
  • The process of lymphocyte mitogenesis is often perceived as a continuous, self-sustaining event.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms governing lymphocyte division.
  • To identify specific checkpoints and signaling pathways that control T and B lymphocyte cell cycle progression.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on lymphocyte cell cycle regulation.
  • Analysis of known molecular signals involved in T and B cell activation and proliferation.

Main Results:

  • Lymphocyte division is not an inexorable process and is subject to regulatory arrest points.
  • Specific molecular signals are required for lymphocytes to overcome these arrest points and progress through the cell cycle.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding lymphocyte cell cycle checkpoints is critical for controlling immune responses.
  • Targeting these arrest points and signaling pathways may offer therapeutic strategies for immune modulation.