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Although Mendel chose seven unrelated traits in peas to study gene segregation, most traits involve multiple gene interactions that create a spectrum of phenotypes. When the interaction of various genes or alleles at different locations influences a phenotype, this is called epistasis. Epistasis often involves one gene masking or interfering with the expression of another (antagonistic epistasis). Epistasis often occurs when different genes are part of the same biochemical pathway. The...
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In addition to multiple alleles at the same locus influencing traits, numerous genes or alleles at different locations may interact and influence phenotypes in a phenomenon called epistasis. For example, rabbit fur can be black or brown depending on whether the animal is homozygous dominant or heterozygous at a TYRP1 locus. However, if the rabbit is also homozygous recessive at a locus on the tyrosinase gene (TYR), it will have an unshaded coat that appears white, regardless of its TYRP1...
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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Peptide:MHC Tetramer-based Enrichment of Epitope-specific T cells
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Allotype suppression and epitope-specific regulation.

L A Herzenberg1

  • 1Genetics Department, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

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|October 8, 2014
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Maternal antibodies can suppress offspring antibody production. This study shows how this suppression impacts the immune response to specific antigens in neonatal mice.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Neonatal immunology
  • Antibody production

Background:

  • Neonatal mice (A x B) F1 are injected with maternal antibodies.
  • Antibodies target the immunoglobulin allotype of the paternal (B) strain.
  • This leads to chronic suppression of antibodies with the B-strain allotype.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of maternal antibody-induced suppression on immune responses.
  • To understand how chronic suppression affects antibody production to thymus-dependent antigens.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized neonatal (A x B) F1 mice.
  • Administered maternal antibodies targeting paternal immunoglobulin allotype.
  • Assessed antibody responses to a subsequent thymus-dependent antigen challenge.

Main Results:

  • Maternal antibody injection chronically suppressed B-strain allotype antibody production.
  • This suppression altered the control of antibody responses to a specific antigen.

Conclusions:

  • Neonatal exposure to specific maternal antibodies can induce long-term suppression of antibody production.
  • Such suppression significantly influences the adaptive immune response to subsequent antigenic challenges.