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Related Concept Videos

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions01:29

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

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Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...
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Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
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Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

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Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum...
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Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
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Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions01:01

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions

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Type II hypersensitivity involves IgG and IgM antibodies targeting cell surface antigens, leading to cell destruction. This can occur through complement activation, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), or acting as opsonins for phagocytosis. When excessive, these reactions cause significant tissue damage.Drug-induced hemolytic anemia is a common example, where drugs like penicillin or cephalosporins bind to red blood cells, forming drug-protein complexes. These complexes...
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Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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Same author

Studies on artificial oligosaccharide-protein antigens: induction of precipitating antibodies to defined epitopes on natural and synthetic dextrans and mannans.

Molecular immunology·1985
Same author

Immunogenic properties of alpha (1----6) dextran, its protein conjugates, and conjugates of its breakdown products in mice.

Scandinavian journal of immunology·1984
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Polyethylene glycol reactive antibodies in man: titer distribution in allergic patients treated with monomethoxy polyethylene glycol modified allergens or placebo, and in healthy blood donors.

International archives of allergy and applied immunology·1984
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Dextran-reactive antibodies in children. Appearance during the first 4 years of life and relation to E. coli infections in the urinary tract.

Acta paediatrica Scandinavica·1983
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Antibodies against polyethylene glycol produced in animals by immunization with monomethoxy polyethylene glycol modified proteins.

International archives of allergy and applied immunology·1983
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A new immunochemical purity test for clinical dextran. Methodology and studies on clinical dextran preparations.

International archives of allergy and applied immunology·1980

Related Experiment Video

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Imaging FITC-dextran as a Reporter for Regulated Exocytosis
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Dextran hypersensitivity.

A W Richter1, H I Hedin

  • 1Department of Biomedical Research, Pharmacia AB, Uppsala, Sweden.

Immunology Today
|October 8, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Hypersensitivity reactions to dextran, a plasma substitute, can be prevented. Pretreating patients with monovalent hapten dextran effectively stops these severe allergic responses.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Anesthesiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Dextran is a widely used plasma volume expander.
  • Dextran administration can trigger severe hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis.
  • These reactions are often classified as Type III anaphylaxis, mediated by natural antibodies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence on preventing dextran-induced hypersensitivity reactions.
  • To investigate the efficacy of monovalent hapten dextran pretreatment.
  • To understand the mechanism of preventing Type III anaphylactic reactions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing scientific literature and clinical evidence.
  • Analysis of studies involving pretreatment with monovalent hapten dextran.

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  • Examination of immunological mechanisms underlying dextran hypersensitivity.

    • Main Results:

    • Monovalent hapten dextran pretreatment significantly reduces or abolishes dextran-induced hypersensitivity.
    • This pretreatment strategy appears effective in preventing Type III anaphylactic reactions.
    • The mechanism involves blocking the interaction of natural antibodies with dextran.

    Conclusions:

    • Pretreatment with monovalent hapten dextran is a viable strategy to prevent life-threatening hypersensitivity reactions to dextran.
    • This approach offers a potential solution for patients requiring dextran as a plasma substitute.
    • Further clinical studies may be warranted to confirm efficacy and optimize protocols.