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Related Concept Videos

Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

36.8K
The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
36.8K
Tactile and Chemical Senses01:27

Tactile and Chemical Senses

1.5K
Tactile senses encompass touch, temperature, and pain, each mediated by specific receptors. Touch receptors detect mechanical energy or pressure against the skin. Sensory fibers from these receptors enter the spinal cord and relay information to the brain stem. Here, most fibers cross over to the opposite side of the brain. The touch information then moves to the thalamus, which projects a map of the body's surface onto the somatosensory areas of the parietal lobes in the cerebral cortex.
1.5K
Sensory Functions of the Skin01:16

Sensory Functions of the Skin

8.6K
The skin is the largest organ of the human body and plays a crucial role in our sensory perception. It contains a vast network of sensory receptors that contribute to the skin's protective function by perceiving physical, biological, and environmental cues and generating relevant responses.
There are two main categories of receptors on the skin: capsulated and non-capsulated. The non-capsulated ones are mainly the pain receptors. The capsulated ones can be further categorized based on the...
8.6K
Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways01:29

Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways

9.8K
Somatic sensory or somatosensory pathways refer to the neural pathways that carry information related to touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and proprioception from the skin, muscles, tendons, and joints to the brain. These pathways involve several stages of processing and integration of sensory information.
The somatosensory system is divided into three main pathways: the dorsal (or posterior) column-medial lemniscus, spinothalamic (or anterolateral), and spinocerebellar pathways.
The dorsal...
9.8K
Design Example: Resistive Touchscreen01:14

Design Example: Resistive Touchscreen

933
A device engineer plays a crucial role in designing user interfaces for mobile devices. One such interface is the resistive touchscreen, which fundamentally consists of two metallic layers: a flexible upper layer and a rigid lower layer, separated by a narrow gap. The high resistance between these two layers is a key characteristic of this design.
When a user touches the screen, the two layers make contact at a specific point known as the touchpoint. This contact reduces the resistance between...
933
Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

51.4K
Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 22, 2026

Fabrication of the Composite Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface C-RPNI in the Adult Rat
10:35

Fabrication of the Composite Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface C-RPNI in the Adult Rat

Published on: February 25, 2020

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A neural interface provides long-term stable natural touch perception.

Daniel W Tan1, Matthew A Schiefer1, Michael W Keith2

  • 1Louis Stokes Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.

Science Translational Medicine
|October 10, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers restored natural touch sensation in amputees using implanted nerve interfaces. This breakthrough offers long-term sensory feedback for prosthetic limbs, improving control and object manipulation.

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Fabrication of High Contact-Density, Flat-Interface Nerve Electrodes for Recording and Stimulation Applications
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The Muscle Cuff Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface for the Amplification of Intact Peripheral Nerve Signals
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

  • Restoring tactile sensation is crucial for effective prosthetic limb use and embodiment.
  • Current prosthetic technologies lack direct sensory feedback, limiting fine motor control and user experience.

Observation:

  • Implanted peripheral nerve cuff electrodes provided stable, natural touch perception in the phantom hand for over a year in two subjects.
  • Electrical stimulation patterns elicited repeatable sensory perceptions, including tapping, pressure, and vibration, without paresthesia.

Findings:

  • Stimulation intensity modulated the perceived area, while frequency controlled sensation strength.
  • Artificial touch sensation significantly improved prosthetic grasp control and manipulation of delicate objects.

Implications:

  • This research demonstrates the potential for long-term sensory restoration after limb loss through peripheral nerve stimulation.
  • The findings pave the way for more intuitive and functional prosthetic devices that integrate natural sensory feedback.